Thanks for using Compiler Explorer
Sponsors
Jakt
C++
Ada
Analysis
Android Java
Android Kotlin
Assembly
C
C3
Carbon
C++ (Circle)
CIRCT
Clean
CMake
CMakeScript
COBOL
C++ for OpenCL
MLIR
Cppx
Cppx-Blue
Cppx-Gold
Cpp2-cppfront
Crystal
C#
CUDA C++
D
Dart
Elixir
Erlang
Fortran
F#
GLSL
Go
Haskell
HLSL
Hook
Hylo
IL
ispc
Java
Julia
Kotlin
LLVM IR
LLVM MIR
Modula-2
Nim
Objective-C
Objective-C++
OCaml
OpenCL C
Pascal
Pony
Python
Racket
Ruby
Rust
Snowball
Scala
Solidity
Spice
SPIR-V
Swift
LLVM TableGen
Toit
TypeScript Native
V
Vala
Visual Basic
WASM
Zig
Javascript
GIMPLE
Ygen
c++ source #1
Output
Compile to binary object
Link to binary
Execute the code
Intel asm syntax
Demangle identifiers
Verbose demangling
Filters
Unused labels
Library functions
Directives
Comments
Horizontal whitespace
Debug intrinsics
Compiler
6502-c++ 11.1.0
ARM GCC 10.2.0
ARM GCC 10.3.0
ARM GCC 10.4.0
ARM GCC 10.5.0
ARM GCC 11.1.0
ARM GCC 11.2.0
ARM GCC 11.3.0
ARM GCC 11.4.0
ARM GCC 12.1.0
ARM GCC 12.2.0
ARM GCC 12.3.0
ARM GCC 12.4.0
ARM GCC 13.1.0
ARM GCC 13.2.0
ARM GCC 13.2.0 (unknown-eabi)
ARM GCC 13.3.0
ARM GCC 13.3.0 (unknown-eabi)
ARM GCC 14.1.0
ARM GCC 14.1.0 (unknown-eabi)
ARM GCC 14.2.0
ARM GCC 14.2.0 (unknown-eabi)
ARM GCC 4.5.4
ARM GCC 4.6.4
ARM GCC 5.4
ARM GCC 6.3.0
ARM GCC 6.4.0
ARM GCC 7.3.0
ARM GCC 7.5.0
ARM GCC 8.2.0
ARM GCC 8.5.0
ARM GCC 9.3.0
ARM GCC 9.4.0
ARM GCC 9.5.0
ARM GCC trunk
ARM gcc 10.2.1 (none)
ARM gcc 10.3.1 (2021.07 none)
ARM gcc 10.3.1 (2021.10 none)
ARM gcc 11.2.1 (none)
ARM gcc 5.4.1 (none)
ARM gcc 7.2.1 (none)
ARM gcc 8.2 (WinCE)
ARM gcc 8.3.1 (none)
ARM gcc 9.2.1 (none)
ARM msvc v19.0 (WINE)
ARM msvc v19.10 (WINE)
ARM msvc v19.14 (WINE)
ARM64 Morello gcc 10.1 Alpha 2
ARM64 gcc 10.2
ARM64 gcc 10.3
ARM64 gcc 10.4
ARM64 gcc 10.5.0
ARM64 gcc 11.1
ARM64 gcc 11.2
ARM64 gcc 11.3
ARM64 gcc 11.4.0
ARM64 gcc 12.1
ARM64 gcc 12.2.0
ARM64 gcc 12.3.0
ARM64 gcc 12.4.0
ARM64 gcc 13.1.0
ARM64 gcc 13.2.0
ARM64 gcc 13.3.0
ARM64 gcc 14.1.0
ARM64 gcc 14.2.0
ARM64 gcc 4.9.4
ARM64 gcc 5.4
ARM64 gcc 5.5.0
ARM64 gcc 6.3
ARM64 gcc 6.4
ARM64 gcc 7.3
ARM64 gcc 7.5
ARM64 gcc 8.2
ARM64 gcc 8.5
ARM64 gcc 9.3
ARM64 gcc 9.4
ARM64 gcc 9.5
ARM64 gcc trunk
ARM64 msvc v19.14 (WINE)
AVR gcc 10.3.0
AVR gcc 11.1.0
AVR gcc 12.1.0
AVR gcc 12.2.0
AVR gcc 12.3.0
AVR gcc 12.4.0
AVR gcc 13.1.0
AVR gcc 13.2.0
AVR gcc 13.3.0
AVR gcc 14.1.0
AVR gcc 14.2.0
AVR gcc 4.5.4
AVR gcc 4.6.4
AVR gcc 5.4.0
AVR gcc 9.2.0
AVR gcc 9.3.0
Arduino Mega (1.8.9)
Arduino Uno (1.8.9)
BPF clang (trunk)
BPF clang 13.0.0
BPF clang 14.0.0
BPF clang 15.0.0
BPF clang 16.0.0
BPF clang 17.0.1
BPF clang 18.1.0
BPF clang 19.1.0
BPF gcc 13.1.0
BPF gcc 13.2.0
BPF gcc 13.3.0
BPF gcc trunk
EDG (experimental reflection)
EDG 6.5
EDG 6.5 (GNU mode gcc 13)
EDG 6.6
EDG 6.6 (GNU mode gcc 13)
FRC 2019
FRC 2020
FRC 2023
HPPA gcc 14.2.0
KVX ACB 4.1.0 (GCC 7.5.0)
KVX ACB 4.1.0-cd1 (GCC 7.5.0)
KVX ACB 4.10.0 (GCC 10.3.1)
KVX ACB 4.11.1 (GCC 10.3.1)
KVX ACB 4.12.0 (GCC 11.3.0)
KVX ACB 4.2.0 (GCC 7.5.0)
KVX ACB 4.3.0 (GCC 7.5.0)
KVX ACB 4.4.0 (GCC 7.5.0)
KVX ACB 4.6.0 (GCC 9.4.1)
KVX ACB 4.8.0 (GCC 9.4.1)
KVX ACB 4.9.0 (GCC 9.4.1)
KVX ACB 5.0.0 (GCC 12.2.1)
KVX ACB 5.2.0 (GCC 13.2.1)
LoongArch64 clang (trunk)
LoongArch64 clang 17.0.1
LoongArch64 clang 18.1.0
LoongArch64 clang 19.1.0
M68K gcc 13.1.0
M68K gcc 13.2.0
M68K gcc 13.3.0
M68K gcc 14.1.0
M68K gcc 14.2.0
M68k clang (trunk)
MRISC32 gcc (trunk)
MSP430 gcc 4.5.3
MSP430 gcc 5.3.0
MSP430 gcc 6.2.1
MinGW clang 14.0.3
MinGW clang 14.0.6
MinGW clang 15.0.7
MinGW clang 16.0.0
MinGW clang 16.0.2
MinGW gcc 11.3.0
MinGW gcc 12.1.0
MinGW gcc 12.2.0
MinGW gcc 13.1.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc (trunk)
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 10.2.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 10.3.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 11.2.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 11.3.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 11.4.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 12.1.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 12.2.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 12.3.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 12.4.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 13.1.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 13.2.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 13.3.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 14.1.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 14.2.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 8.2.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 8.5.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 9.4.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc (trunk)
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 10.2.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 10.3.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 11.2.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 11.3.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 11.4.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 12.1.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 12.2.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 12.3.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 12.4.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 13.1.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 13.2.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 13.3.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 14.1.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 14.2.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 8.2.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 8.5.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 9.4.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang (trunk)
RISC-V rv32gc clang 10.0.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 10.0.1
RISC-V rv32gc clang 11.0.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 11.0.1
RISC-V rv32gc clang 12.0.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 12.0.1
RISC-V rv32gc clang 13.0.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 13.0.1
RISC-V rv32gc clang 14.0.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 15.0.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 16.0.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 17.0.1
RISC-V rv32gc clang 18.1.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 19.1.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 9.0.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 9.0.1
RISC-V rv64gc clang (trunk)
RISC-V rv64gc clang 10.0.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 10.0.1
RISC-V rv64gc clang 11.0.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 11.0.1
RISC-V rv64gc clang 12.0.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 12.0.1
RISC-V rv64gc clang 13.0.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 13.0.1
RISC-V rv64gc clang 14.0.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 15.0.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 16.0.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 17.0.1
RISC-V rv64gc clang 18.1.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 19.1.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 9.0.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 9.0.1
Raspbian Buster
Raspbian Stretch
SPARC LEON gcc 12.2.0
SPARC LEON gcc 12.3.0
SPARC LEON gcc 12.4.0
SPARC LEON gcc 13.1.0
SPARC LEON gcc 13.2.0
SPARC LEON gcc 13.3.0
SPARC LEON gcc 14.1.0
SPARC LEON gcc 14.2.0
SPARC gcc 12.2.0
SPARC gcc 12.3.0
SPARC gcc 12.4.0
SPARC gcc 13.1.0
SPARC gcc 13.2.0
SPARC gcc 13.3.0
SPARC gcc 14.1.0
SPARC gcc 14.2.0
SPARC64 gcc 12.2.0
SPARC64 gcc 12.3.0
SPARC64 gcc 12.4.0
SPARC64 gcc 13.1.0
SPARC64 gcc 13.2.0
SPARC64 gcc 13.3.0
SPARC64 gcc 14.1.0
SPARC64 gcc 14.2.0
TI C6x gcc 12.2.0
TI C6x gcc 12.3.0
TI C6x gcc 12.4.0
TI C6x gcc 13.1.0
TI C6x gcc 13.2.0
TI C6x gcc 13.3.0
TI C6x gcc 14.1.0
TI C6x gcc 14.2.0
TI CL430 21.6.1
VAX gcc NetBSDELF 10.4.0
VAX gcc NetBSDELF 10.5.0 (Nov 15 03:50:22 2023)
WebAssembly clang (trunk)
Xtensa ESP32 gcc 11.2.0 (2022r1)
Xtensa ESP32 gcc 12.2.0 (20230208)
Xtensa ESP32 gcc 8.2.0 (2019r2)
Xtensa ESP32 gcc 8.2.0 (2020r1)
Xtensa ESP32 gcc 8.2.0 (2020r2)
Xtensa ESP32 gcc 8.4.0 (2020r3)
Xtensa ESP32 gcc 8.4.0 (2021r1)
Xtensa ESP32 gcc 8.4.0 (2021r2)
Xtensa ESP32-S2 gcc 11.2.0 (2022r1)
Xtensa ESP32-S2 gcc 12.2.0 (20230208)
Xtensa ESP32-S2 gcc 8.2.0 (2019r2)
Xtensa ESP32-S2 gcc 8.2.0 (2020r1)
Xtensa ESP32-S2 gcc 8.2.0 (2020r2)
Xtensa ESP32-S2 gcc 8.4.0 (2020r3)
Xtensa ESP32-S2 gcc 8.4.0 (2021r1)
Xtensa ESP32-S2 gcc 8.4.0 (2021r2)
Xtensa ESP32-S3 gcc 11.2.0 (2022r1)
Xtensa ESP32-S3 gcc 12.2.0 (20230208)
Xtensa ESP32-S3 gcc 8.4.0 (2020r3)
Xtensa ESP32-S3 gcc 8.4.0 (2021r1)
Xtensa ESP32-S3 gcc 8.4.0 (2021r2)
arm64 msvc v19.20 VS16.0
arm64 msvc v19.21 VS16.1
arm64 msvc v19.22 VS16.2
arm64 msvc v19.23 VS16.3
arm64 msvc v19.24 VS16.4
arm64 msvc v19.25 VS16.5
arm64 msvc v19.27 VS16.7
arm64 msvc v19.28 VS16.8
arm64 msvc v19.28 VS16.9
arm64 msvc v19.29 VS16.10
arm64 msvc v19.29 VS16.11
arm64 msvc v19.30 VS17.0
arm64 msvc v19.31 VS17.1
arm64 msvc v19.32 VS17.2
arm64 msvc v19.33 VS17.3
arm64 msvc v19.34 VS17.4
arm64 msvc v19.35 VS17.5
arm64 msvc v19.36 VS17.6
arm64 msvc v19.37 VS17.7
arm64 msvc v19.38 VS17.8
arm64 msvc v19.39 VS17.9
arm64 msvc v19.40 VS17.10
arm64 msvc v19.latest
armv7-a clang (trunk)
armv7-a clang 10.0.0
armv7-a clang 10.0.1
armv7-a clang 11.0.0
armv7-a clang 11.0.1
armv7-a clang 12.0.0
armv7-a clang 12.0.1
armv7-a clang 13.0.0
armv7-a clang 13.0.1
armv7-a clang 14.0.0
armv7-a clang 15.0.0
armv7-a clang 16.0.0
armv7-a clang 17.0.1
armv7-a clang 18.1.0
armv7-a clang 19.1.0
armv7-a clang 9.0.0
armv7-a clang 9.0.1
armv8-a clang (all architectural features, trunk)
armv8-a clang (trunk)
armv8-a clang 10.0.0
armv8-a clang 10.0.1
armv8-a clang 11.0.0
armv8-a clang 11.0.1
armv8-a clang 12.0.0
armv8-a clang 13.0.0
armv8-a clang 14.0.0
armv8-a clang 15.0.0
armv8-a clang 16.0.0
armv8-a clang 17.0.1
armv8-a clang 18.1.0
armv8-a clang 19.1.0
armv8-a clang 9.0.0
armv8-a clang 9.0.1
clang-cl 18.1.0
ellcc 0.1.33
ellcc 0.1.34
ellcc 2017-07-16
hexagon-clang 16.0.5
llvm-mos atari2600-3e
llvm-mos atari2600-4k
llvm-mos atari2600-common
llvm-mos atari5200-supercart
llvm-mos atari8-cart-megacart
llvm-mos atari8-cart-std
llvm-mos atari8-cart-xegs
llvm-mos atari8-common
llvm-mos atari8-dos
llvm-mos c128
llvm-mos c64
llvm-mos commodore
llvm-mos cpm65
llvm-mos cx16
llvm-mos dodo
llvm-mos eater
llvm-mos mega65
llvm-mos nes
llvm-mos nes-action53
llvm-mos nes-cnrom
llvm-mos nes-gtrom
llvm-mos nes-mmc1
llvm-mos nes-mmc3
llvm-mos nes-nrom
llvm-mos nes-unrom
llvm-mos nes-unrom-512
llvm-mos osi-c1p
llvm-mos pce
llvm-mos pce-cd
llvm-mos pce-common
llvm-mos pet
llvm-mos rp6502
llvm-mos rpc8e
llvm-mos supervision
llvm-mos vic20
loongarch64 gcc 12.2.0
loongarch64 gcc 12.3.0
loongarch64 gcc 12.4.0
loongarch64 gcc 13.1.0
loongarch64 gcc 13.2.0
loongarch64 gcc 13.3.0
loongarch64 gcc 14.1.0
loongarch64 gcc 14.2.0
mips clang 13.0.0
mips clang 14.0.0
mips clang 15.0.0
mips clang 16.0.0
mips clang 17.0.1
mips clang 18.1.0
mips clang 19.1.0
mips gcc 11.2.0
mips gcc 12.1.0
mips gcc 12.2.0
mips gcc 12.3.0
mips gcc 12.4.0
mips gcc 13.1.0
mips gcc 13.2.0
mips gcc 13.3.0
mips gcc 14.1.0
mips gcc 14.2.0
mips gcc 4.9.4
mips gcc 5.4
mips gcc 5.5.0
mips gcc 9.3.0 (codescape)
mips gcc 9.5.0
mips64 (el) gcc 12.1.0
mips64 (el) gcc 12.2.0
mips64 (el) gcc 12.3.0
mips64 (el) gcc 12.4.0
mips64 (el) gcc 13.1.0
mips64 (el) gcc 13.2.0
mips64 (el) gcc 13.3.0
mips64 (el) gcc 14.1.0
mips64 (el) gcc 14.2.0
mips64 (el) gcc 4.9.4
mips64 (el) gcc 5.4.0
mips64 (el) gcc 5.5.0
mips64 (el) gcc 9.5.0
mips64 clang 13.0.0
mips64 clang 14.0.0
mips64 clang 15.0.0
mips64 clang 16.0.0
mips64 clang 17.0.1
mips64 clang 18.1.0
mips64 clang 19.1.0
mips64 gcc 11.2.0
mips64 gcc 12.1.0
mips64 gcc 12.2.0
mips64 gcc 12.3.0
mips64 gcc 12.4.0
mips64 gcc 13.1.0
mips64 gcc 13.2.0
mips64 gcc 13.3.0
mips64 gcc 14.1.0
mips64 gcc 14.2.0
mips64 gcc 4.9.4
mips64 gcc 5.4.0
mips64 gcc 5.5.0
mips64 gcc 9.5.0
mips64el clang 13.0.0
mips64el clang 14.0.0
mips64el clang 15.0.0
mips64el clang 16.0.0
mips64el clang 17.0.1
mips64el clang 18.1.0
mips64el clang 19.1.0
mipsel clang 13.0.0
mipsel clang 14.0.0
mipsel clang 15.0.0
mipsel clang 16.0.0
mipsel clang 17.0.1
mipsel clang 18.1.0
mipsel clang 19.1.0
mipsel gcc 12.1.0
mipsel gcc 12.2.0
mipsel gcc 12.3.0
mipsel gcc 12.4.0
mipsel gcc 13.1.0
mipsel gcc 13.2.0
mipsel gcc 13.3.0
mipsel gcc 14.1.0
mipsel gcc 14.2.0
mipsel gcc 4.9.4
mipsel gcc 5.4.0
mipsel gcc 5.5.0
mipsel gcc 9.5.0
nanoMIPS gcc 6.3.0 (mtk)
power gcc 11.2.0
power gcc 12.1.0
power gcc 12.2.0
power gcc 12.3.0
power gcc 12.4.0
power gcc 13.1.0
power gcc 13.2.0
power gcc 13.3.0
power gcc 14.1.0
power gcc 14.2.0
power gcc 4.8.5
power64 AT12.0 (gcc8)
power64 AT13.0 (gcc9)
power64 gcc 11.2.0
power64 gcc 12.1.0
power64 gcc 12.2.0
power64 gcc 12.3.0
power64 gcc 12.4.0
power64 gcc 13.1.0
power64 gcc 13.2.0
power64 gcc 13.3.0
power64 gcc 14.1.0
power64 gcc 14.2.0
power64 gcc trunk
power64le AT12.0 (gcc8)
power64le AT13.0 (gcc9)
power64le clang (trunk)
power64le gcc 11.2.0
power64le gcc 12.1.0
power64le gcc 12.2.0
power64le gcc 12.3.0
power64le gcc 12.4.0
power64le gcc 13.1.0
power64le gcc 13.2.0
power64le gcc 13.3.0
power64le gcc 14.1.0
power64le gcc 14.2.0
power64le gcc 6.3.0
power64le gcc trunk
powerpc64 clang (trunk)
s390x gcc 11.2.0
s390x gcc 12.1.0
s390x gcc 12.2.0
s390x gcc 12.3.0
s390x gcc 12.4.0
s390x gcc 13.1.0
s390x gcc 13.2.0
s390x gcc 13.3.0
s390x gcc 14.1.0
s390x gcc 14.2.0
sh gcc 12.2.0
sh gcc 12.3.0
sh gcc 12.4.0
sh gcc 13.1.0
sh gcc 13.2.0
sh gcc 13.3.0
sh gcc 14.1.0
sh gcc 14.2.0
sh gcc 4.9.4
sh gcc 9.5.0
vast (trunk)
x64 msvc v19.0 (WINE)
x64 msvc v19.10 (WINE)
x64 msvc v19.14 (WINE)
x64 msvc v19.20 VS16.0
x64 msvc v19.21 VS16.1
x64 msvc v19.22 VS16.2
x64 msvc v19.23 VS16.3
x64 msvc v19.24 VS16.4
x64 msvc v19.25 VS16.5
x64 msvc v19.27 VS16.7
x64 msvc v19.28 VS16.8
x64 msvc v19.28 VS16.9
x64 msvc v19.29 VS16.10
x64 msvc v19.29 VS16.11
x64 msvc v19.30 VS17.0
x64 msvc v19.31 VS17.1
x64 msvc v19.32 VS17.2
x64 msvc v19.33 VS17.3
x64 msvc v19.34 VS17.4
x64 msvc v19.35 VS17.5
x64 msvc v19.36 VS17.6
x64 msvc v19.37 VS17.7
x64 msvc v19.38 VS17.8
x64 msvc v19.39 VS17.9
x64 msvc v19.40 VS17.10
x64 msvc v19.latest
x86 djgpp 4.9.4
x86 djgpp 5.5.0
x86 djgpp 6.4.0
x86 djgpp 7.2.0
x86 msvc v19.0 (WINE)
x86 msvc v19.10 (WINE)
x86 msvc v19.14 (WINE)
x86 msvc v19.20 VS16.0
x86 msvc v19.21 VS16.1
x86 msvc v19.22 VS16.2
x86 msvc v19.23 VS16.3
x86 msvc v19.24 VS16.4
x86 msvc v19.25 VS16.5
x86 msvc v19.27 VS16.7
x86 msvc v19.28 VS16.8
x86 msvc v19.28 VS16.9
x86 msvc v19.29 VS16.10
x86 msvc v19.29 VS16.11
x86 msvc v19.30 VS17.0
x86 msvc v19.31 VS17.1
x86 msvc v19.32 VS17.2
x86 msvc v19.33 VS17.3
x86 msvc v19.34 VS17.4
x86 msvc v19.35 VS17.5
x86 msvc v19.36 VS17.6
x86 msvc v19.37 VS17.7
x86 msvc v19.38 VS17.8
x86 msvc v19.39 VS17.9
x86 msvc v19.40 VS17.10
x86 msvc v19.latest
x86 nvc++ 22.11
x86 nvc++ 22.7
x86 nvc++ 22.9
x86 nvc++ 23.1
x86 nvc++ 23.11
x86 nvc++ 23.3
x86 nvc++ 23.5
x86 nvc++ 23.7
x86 nvc++ 23.9
x86 nvc++ 24.1
x86 nvc++ 24.3
x86 nvc++ 24.5
x86 nvc++ 24.7
x86 nvc++ 24.9
x86-64 Zapcc 190308
x86-64 clang (EricWF contracts)
x86-64 clang (amd-staging)
x86-64 clang (assertions trunk)
x86-64 clang (clangir)
x86-64 clang (dascandy contracts)
x86-64 clang (experimental -Wlifetime)
x86-64 clang (experimental P1061)
x86-64 clang (experimental P1144)
x86-64 clang (experimental P1221)
x86-64 clang (experimental P2996)
x86-64 clang (experimental P3068)
x86-64 clang (experimental P3309)
x86-64 clang (experimental P3367)
x86-64 clang (experimental P3372)
x86-64 clang (experimental metaprogramming - P2632)
x86-64 clang (old concepts branch)
x86-64 clang (p1974)
x86-64 clang (pattern matching - P2688)
x86-64 clang (reflection)
x86-64 clang (resugar)
x86-64 clang (string interpolation - P3412)
x86-64 clang (thephd.dev)
x86-64 clang (trunk)
x86-64 clang (variadic friends - P2893)
x86-64 clang (widberg)
x86-64 clang 10.0.0
x86-64 clang 10.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 10.0.1
x86-64 clang 11.0.0
x86-64 clang 11.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 11.0.1
x86-64 clang 12.0.0
x86-64 clang 12.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 12.0.1
x86-64 clang 13.0.0
x86-64 clang 13.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 13.0.1
x86-64 clang 14.0.0
x86-64 clang 14.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 15.0.0
x86-64 clang 15.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 16.0.0
x86-64 clang 16.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 17.0.1
x86-64 clang 17.0.1 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 18.1.0
x86-64 clang 18.1.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 19.1.0
x86-64 clang 19.1.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 2.6.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 2.7.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 2.8.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 2.9.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 3.0.0
x86-64 clang 3.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 3.1
x86-64 clang 3.1 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 3.2
x86-64 clang 3.2 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 3.3
x86-64 clang 3.3 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 3.4 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 3.4.1
x86-64 clang 3.5
x86-64 clang 3.5 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 3.5.1
x86-64 clang 3.5.2
x86-64 clang 3.6
x86-64 clang 3.6 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 3.7
x86-64 clang 3.7 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 3.7.1
x86-64 clang 3.8
x86-64 clang 3.8 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 3.8.1
x86-64 clang 3.9.0
x86-64 clang 3.9.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 3.9.1
x86-64 clang 4.0.0
x86-64 clang 4.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 4.0.1
x86-64 clang 5.0.0
x86-64 clang 5.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 5.0.1
x86-64 clang 5.0.2
x86-64 clang 6.0.0
x86-64 clang 6.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 6.0.1
x86-64 clang 7.0.0
x86-64 clang 7.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 7.0.1
x86-64 clang 7.1.0
x86-64 clang 8.0.0
x86-64 clang 8.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 8.0.1
x86-64 clang 9.0.0
x86-64 clang 9.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 9.0.1
x86-64 clang rocm-4.5.2
x86-64 clang rocm-5.0.2
x86-64 clang rocm-5.1.3
x86-64 clang rocm-5.2.3
x86-64 clang rocm-5.3.3
x86-64 clang rocm-5.7.0
x86-64 clang rocm-6.0.2
x86-64 clang rocm-6.1.2
x86-64 gcc (contract labels)
x86-64 gcc (contracts natural syntax)
x86-64 gcc (contracts)
x86-64 gcc (coroutines)
x86-64 gcc (modules)
x86-64 gcc (trunk)
x86-64 gcc 10.1
x86-64 gcc 10.2
x86-64 gcc 10.3
x86-64 gcc 10.4
x86-64 gcc 10.5
x86-64 gcc 11.1
x86-64 gcc 11.2
x86-64 gcc 11.3
x86-64 gcc 11.4
x86-64 gcc 12.1
x86-64 gcc 12.2
x86-64 gcc 12.3
x86-64 gcc 12.4
x86-64 gcc 13.1
x86-64 gcc 13.2
x86-64 gcc 13.3
x86-64 gcc 14.1
x86-64 gcc 14.2
x86-64 gcc 3.4.6
x86-64 gcc 4.0.4
x86-64 gcc 4.1.2
x86-64 gcc 4.4.7
x86-64 gcc 4.5.3
x86-64 gcc 4.6.4
x86-64 gcc 4.7.1
x86-64 gcc 4.7.2
x86-64 gcc 4.7.3
x86-64 gcc 4.7.4
x86-64 gcc 4.8.1
x86-64 gcc 4.8.2
x86-64 gcc 4.8.3
x86-64 gcc 4.8.4
x86-64 gcc 4.8.5
x86-64 gcc 4.9.0
x86-64 gcc 4.9.1
x86-64 gcc 4.9.2
x86-64 gcc 4.9.3
x86-64 gcc 4.9.4
x86-64 gcc 5.1
x86-64 gcc 5.2
x86-64 gcc 5.3
x86-64 gcc 5.4
x86-64 gcc 5.5
x86-64 gcc 6.1
x86-64 gcc 6.2
x86-64 gcc 6.3
x86-64 gcc 6.4
x86-64 gcc 6.5
x86-64 gcc 7.1
x86-64 gcc 7.2
x86-64 gcc 7.3
x86-64 gcc 7.4
x86-64 gcc 7.5
x86-64 gcc 8.1
x86-64 gcc 8.2
x86-64 gcc 8.3
x86-64 gcc 8.4
x86-64 gcc 8.5
x86-64 gcc 9.1
x86-64 gcc 9.2
x86-64 gcc 9.3
x86-64 gcc 9.4
x86-64 gcc 9.5
x86-64 icc 13.0.1
x86-64 icc 16.0.3
x86-64 icc 17.0.0
x86-64 icc 18.0.0
x86-64 icc 19.0.0
x86-64 icc 19.0.1
x86-64 icc 2021.1.2
x86-64 icc 2021.10.0
x86-64 icc 2021.2.0
x86-64 icc 2021.3.0
x86-64 icc 2021.4.0
x86-64 icc 2021.5.0
x86-64 icc 2021.6.0
x86-64 icc 2021.7.0
x86-64 icc 2021.7.1
x86-64 icc 2021.8.0
x86-64 icc 2021.9.0
x86-64 icx 2021.1.2
x86-64 icx 2021.2.0
x86-64 icx 2021.3.0
x86-64 icx 2021.4.0
x86-64 icx 2022.0.0
x86-64 icx 2022.1.0
x86-64 icx 2022.2.0
x86-64 icx 2022.2.1
x86-64 icx 2023.0.0
x86-64 icx 2023.1.0
x86-64 icx 2023.2.1
x86-64 icx 2024.0.0
x86-64 icx 2024.1.0
x86-64 icx 2024.2.0
x86-64 icx 2025.0.0
x86-64 icx 2025.0.0
zig c++ 0.10.0
zig c++ 0.11.0
zig c++ 0.12.0
zig c++ 0.12.1
zig c++ 0.13.0
zig c++ 0.6.0
zig c++ 0.7.0
zig c++ 0.7.1
zig c++ 0.8.0
zig c++ 0.9.0
zig c++ trunk
Options
Source code
#define _LIBCPP_HARDENING_MODE _LIBCPP_HARDENING_MODE_EXTENSIVE // Hack to inject the new __bounded_iter. // Scroll to the bottom for the useful part of the test. #if NEW_BOUNDED_ITER // -*- C++ -*- //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// // // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions. // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information. // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception // //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// #ifndef _LIBCPP___ITERATOR_BOUNDED_ITER_H #define _LIBCPP___ITERATOR_BOUNDED_ITER_H #include <__assert> #include <__config> #include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h> #include <__memory/pointer_traits.h> #include <__type_traits/enable_if.h> #include <__type_traits/integral_constant.h> #include <__type_traits/is_convertible.h> #include <__utility/move.h> #if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER) # pragma GCC system_header #endif _LIBCPP_PUSH_MACROS #include <__undef_macros> _LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD // Iterator wrapper that carries the valid range it is allowed to access. // // This is a simple iterator wrapper for contiguous iterators that points // within a [begin, end] range and carries these bounds with it. The iterator // ensures that it is pointing within [begin, end) range when it is // dereferenced. It also ensures that it is never iterated outside of // [begin, end]. template <class _Iterator, class = __enable_if_t< __libcpp_is_contiguous_iterator<_Iterator>::value > > struct __bounded_iter { using value_type = typename iterator_traits<_Iterator>::value_type; using difference_type = typename iterator_traits<_Iterator>::difference_type; using pointer = typename iterator_traits<_Iterator>::pointer; using reference = typename iterator_traits<_Iterator>::reference; using iterator_category = typename iterator_traits<_Iterator>::iterator_category; #if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 20 using iterator_concept = contiguous_iterator_tag; #endif // Create a singular iterator. // // Such an iterator does not point to any object and is conceptually out of bounds, so it is // not dereferenceable. Observing operations like comparison and assignment are valid. _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI __bounded_iter() = default; _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI __bounded_iter(__bounded_iter const&) = default; _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI __bounded_iter(__bounded_iter&&) = default; template <class _OtherIterator, class = __enable_if_t< is_convertible<_OtherIterator, _Iterator>::value > > _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR __bounded_iter(__bounded_iter<_OtherIterator> const& __other) _NOEXCEPT : __current_(__other.__current_), __begin_(__other.__begin_), __end_(__other.__end_) {} // Assign a bounded iterator to another one, rebinding the bounds of the iterator as well. _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI __bounded_iter& operator=(__bounded_iter const&) = default; _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI __bounded_iter& operator=(__bounded_iter&&) = default; private: // Create an iterator wrapping the given iterator, and whose bounds are described // by the provided [begin, end] range. // // Except in debug builds, the constructor does not check whether the resulting iterator // is within its bounds. The container is assumed to be self-consistent. // // Since it is non-standard for iterators to have this constructor, __bounded_iter must // be created via `std::__make_bounded_iter`. _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 explicit __bounded_iter( _Iterator __current, _Iterator __begin, _Iterator __end) : __current_(__current), __begin_(__begin), __end_(__end) { _LIBCPP_ASSERT_INTERNAL(__begin <= __current, "__bounded_iter(current, begin, end): current and begin are inconsistent"); _LIBCPP_ASSERT_INTERNAL(__current <= __end, "__bounded_iter(current, begin, end): current and end are inconsistent"); } template <class _It> friend _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR __bounded_iter<_It> __make_bounded_iter(_It, _It, _It); public: // Dereference and indexing operations. // // These operations check that the iterator is dereferenceable, that is within [begin, end). // The iterator is always within [begin, end], so we only need to check for end. This is // easier to optimize out. See https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/78829 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 reference operator*() const _NOEXCEPT { _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS( __current_ != __end_, "__bounded_iter::operator*: Attempt to dereference an iterator at the end"); return *__current_; } _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 pointer operator->() const _NOEXCEPT { _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS( __current_ != __end_, "__bounded_iter::operator->: Attempt to dereference an iterator at the end"); return std::__to_address(__current_); } _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 reference operator[](difference_type __n) const _NOEXCEPT { _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS( __n >= __begin_ - __current_, "__bounded_iter::operator[]: Attempt to index an iterator past the start"); _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS( __n < __end_ - __current_, "__bounded_iter::operator[]: Attempt to index an iterator past the end"); return __current_[__n]; } // Arithmetic operations. // // These operations do not check that the resulting iterator is within the bounds, since that // would make it impossible to create a past-the-end iterator. _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 __bounded_iter& operator++() _NOEXCEPT { _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS( __current_ != __end_, "__bounded_iter::operator++: Attempt to advance an iterator past the end"); ++__current_; return *this; } _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 __bounded_iter operator++(int) _NOEXCEPT { __bounded_iter __tmp(*this); ++*this; return __tmp; } _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 __bounded_iter& operator--() _NOEXCEPT { _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS( __current_ != __begin_, "__bounded_iter::operator--: Attempt to rewind an iterator past the start"); --__current_; return *this; } _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 __bounded_iter operator--(int) _NOEXCEPT { __bounded_iter __tmp(*this); --*this; return __tmp; } _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 __bounded_iter& operator+=(difference_type __n) _NOEXCEPT { _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS( __n >= __begin_ - __current_, "__bounded_iter::operator+=: Attempt to rewind an iterator past the start"); _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS( __n <= __end_ - __current_, "__bounded_iter::operator+=: Attempt to advance an iterator past the end"); __current_ += __n; return *this; } _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 friend __bounded_iter operator+(__bounded_iter const& __self, difference_type __n) _NOEXCEPT { __bounded_iter __tmp(__self); __tmp += __n; return __tmp; } _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 friend __bounded_iter operator+(difference_type __n, __bounded_iter const& __self) _NOEXCEPT { __bounded_iter __tmp(__self); __tmp += __n; return __tmp; } _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 __bounded_iter& operator-=(difference_type __n) _NOEXCEPT { _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS( __n <= __current_ - __begin_, "__bounded_iter::operator-=: Attempt to rewind an iterator past the start"); _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS( __n >= __current_ - __end_, "__bounded_iter::operator-=: Attempt to advance an iterator past the end"); __current_ -= __n; return *this; } _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 friend __bounded_iter operator-(__bounded_iter const& __self, difference_type __n) _NOEXCEPT { __bounded_iter __tmp(__self); __tmp -= __n; return __tmp; } _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 friend difference_type operator-(__bounded_iter const& __x, __bounded_iter const& __y) _NOEXCEPT { return __x.__current_ - __y.__current_; } // Comparison operations. // // These operations do not check whether the iterators are within their bounds. // The valid range for each iterator is also not considered as part of the comparison, // i.e. two iterators pointing to the same location will be considered equal even // if they have different validity ranges. _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR friend bool operator==(__bounded_iter const& __x, __bounded_iter const& __y) _NOEXCEPT { return __x.__current_ == __y.__current_; } _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR friend bool operator!=(__bounded_iter const& __x, __bounded_iter const& __y) _NOEXCEPT { return __x.__current_ != __y.__current_; } _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR friend bool operator<(__bounded_iter const& __x, __bounded_iter const& __y) _NOEXCEPT { return __x.__current_ < __y.__current_; } _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR friend bool operator>(__bounded_iter const& __x, __bounded_iter const& __y) _NOEXCEPT { return __x.__current_ > __y.__current_; } _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR friend bool operator<=(__bounded_iter const& __x, __bounded_iter const& __y) _NOEXCEPT { return __x.__current_ <= __y.__current_; } _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR friend bool operator>=(__bounded_iter const& __x, __bounded_iter const& __y) _NOEXCEPT { return __x.__current_ >= __y.__current_; } private: template <class> friend struct pointer_traits; _Iterator __current_; // current iterator _Iterator __begin_, __end_; // valid range represented as [begin, end] }; template <class _It> _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR __bounded_iter<_It> __make_bounded_iter(_It __it, _It __begin, _It __end) { return __bounded_iter<_It>(std::move(__it), std::move(__begin), std::move(__end)); } #if _LIBCPP_STD_VER <= 17 template <class _Iterator> struct __libcpp_is_contiguous_iterator<__bounded_iter<_Iterator> > : true_type {}; #endif template <class _Iterator> struct pointer_traits<__bounded_iter<_Iterator> > { using pointer = __bounded_iter<_Iterator>; using element_type = typename pointer_traits<_Iterator>::element_type; using difference_type = typename pointer_traits<_Iterator>::difference_type; _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR static element_type* to_address(pointer __it) _NOEXCEPT { return std::__to_address(__it.__current_); } }; _LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD _LIBCPP_POP_MACROS #endif // _LIBCPP___ITERATOR_BOUNDED_ITER_H #endif // NEW_BOUNDED_ITER //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// #include <cassert> #include <span> int sum1(std::span<const int> s) { // The new bounded_iter performs better here. // Clang is able to optimize out all checks, when // it previously could not. int sum = 0; for (int x : s) { sum += x; } return sum; } int sum2(std::span<const int> s) { // The new bounded_iter performs better here. // Clang is able to optimize out all checks, when // it previously could not. int sum = 0; for (auto iter = s.begin(), end = s.end(); iter != end; ++iter) { sum += *iter; } return sum; } int sum3(std::span<const int> s) { // The new bounded_iter performs better here. // Clang is able to optimize out all checks, when // it previously could not. int sum = 0; for (auto iter = s.rbegin(), end = s.rend(); iter != end; ++iter) { sum += *iter; } return sum; } const int *find(std::span<const int> s) { // Only one post-wmemchr safety check instead of one. // Though I haven't looked at why we're getting one at // all. auto iter = std::ranges::find(s, 42); if (iter == s.end()) { return nullptr; } return &*iter; } const long long *find2(std::span<const long long> s) { // Try one that can't be specialized to a libc call. // This also still has some safety checks, in both // old and new version. I suspect there are further // missed optimization opportunities here. auto iter = std::ranges::find(s, 42); if (iter == s.end()) { return nullptr; } return &*iter; } int deref_end(std::span<const int> s) { // No change. return *s.end(); } int add_and_deref(std::span<const int> s) { // This one is worse. Clang seems to emit some very silly code: // // cmp rsi, 4 // jle .LBB4_3 // cmp rsi, 5 // je .LBB4_3 // mov eax, dword ptr [rdi + 20] // ret // .LBB4_3: // ud2 auto it = s.begin(); it += 5; return *it; } void copy_span(std::span<int> dst, std::span<const int> src) { // Better, but still not right. See https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/78771 // Safety checks should come *before* memmove. std::ranges::copy(src, dst.begin()); }
Become a Patron
Sponsor on GitHub
Donate via PayPal
Source on GitHub
Mailing list
Installed libraries
Wiki
Report an issue
How it works
Contact the author
CE on Mastodon
About the author
Statistics
Changelog
Version tree