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c++ source #1
Output
Compile to binary object
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Execute the code
Intel asm syntax
Demangle identifiers
Verbose demangling
Filters
Unused labels
Library functions
Directives
Comments
Horizontal whitespace
Debug intrinsics
Compiler
6502-c++ 11.1.0
ARM GCC 10.2.0
ARM GCC 10.3.0
ARM GCC 10.4.0
ARM GCC 10.5.0
ARM GCC 11.1.0
ARM GCC 11.2.0
ARM GCC 11.3.0
ARM GCC 11.4.0
ARM GCC 12.1.0
ARM GCC 12.2.0
ARM GCC 12.3.0
ARM GCC 12.4.0
ARM GCC 13.1.0
ARM GCC 13.2.0
ARM GCC 13.2.0 (unknown-eabi)
ARM GCC 13.3.0
ARM GCC 13.3.0 (unknown-eabi)
ARM GCC 14.1.0
ARM GCC 14.1.0 (unknown-eabi)
ARM GCC 14.2.0
ARM GCC 14.2.0 (unknown-eabi)
ARM GCC 4.5.4
ARM GCC 4.6.4
ARM GCC 5.4
ARM GCC 6.3.0
ARM GCC 6.4.0
ARM GCC 7.3.0
ARM GCC 7.5.0
ARM GCC 8.2.0
ARM GCC 8.5.0
ARM GCC 9.3.0
ARM GCC 9.4.0
ARM GCC 9.5.0
ARM GCC trunk
ARM gcc 10.2.1 (none)
ARM gcc 10.3.1 (2021.07 none)
ARM gcc 10.3.1 (2021.10 none)
ARM gcc 11.2.1 (none)
ARM gcc 5.4.1 (none)
ARM gcc 7.2.1 (none)
ARM gcc 8.2 (WinCE)
ARM gcc 8.3.1 (none)
ARM gcc 9.2.1 (none)
ARM msvc v19.0 (WINE)
ARM msvc v19.10 (WINE)
ARM msvc v19.14 (WINE)
ARM64 Morello gcc 10.1 Alpha 2
ARM64 gcc 10.2
ARM64 gcc 10.3
ARM64 gcc 10.4
ARM64 gcc 10.5.0
ARM64 gcc 11.1
ARM64 gcc 11.2
ARM64 gcc 11.3
ARM64 gcc 11.4.0
ARM64 gcc 12.1
ARM64 gcc 12.2.0
ARM64 gcc 12.3.0
ARM64 gcc 12.4.0
ARM64 gcc 13.1.0
ARM64 gcc 13.2.0
ARM64 gcc 13.3.0
ARM64 gcc 14.1.0
ARM64 gcc 14.2.0
ARM64 gcc 4.9.4
ARM64 gcc 5.4
ARM64 gcc 5.5.0
ARM64 gcc 6.3
ARM64 gcc 6.4
ARM64 gcc 7.3
ARM64 gcc 7.5
ARM64 gcc 8.2
ARM64 gcc 8.5
ARM64 gcc 9.3
ARM64 gcc 9.4
ARM64 gcc 9.5
ARM64 gcc trunk
ARM64 msvc v19.14 (WINE)
AVR gcc 10.3.0
AVR gcc 11.1.0
AVR gcc 12.1.0
AVR gcc 12.2.0
AVR gcc 12.3.0
AVR gcc 12.4.0
AVR gcc 13.1.0
AVR gcc 13.2.0
AVR gcc 13.3.0
AVR gcc 14.1.0
AVR gcc 14.2.0
AVR gcc 4.5.4
AVR gcc 4.6.4
AVR gcc 5.4.0
AVR gcc 9.2.0
AVR gcc 9.3.0
Arduino Mega (1.8.9)
Arduino Uno (1.8.9)
BPF clang (trunk)
BPF clang 13.0.0
BPF clang 14.0.0
BPF clang 15.0.0
BPF clang 16.0.0
BPF clang 17.0.1
BPF clang 18.1.0
BPF clang 19.1.0
EDG (experimental reflection)
EDG 6.5
EDG 6.5 (GNU mode gcc 13)
EDG 6.6
EDG 6.6 (GNU mode gcc 13)
FRC 2019
FRC 2020
FRC 2023
HPPA gcc 14.2.0
KVX ACB 4.1.0 (GCC 7.5.0)
KVX ACB 4.1.0-cd1 (GCC 7.5.0)
KVX ACB 4.10.0 (GCC 10.3.1)
KVX ACB 4.11.1 (GCC 10.3.1)
KVX ACB 4.12.0 (GCC 11.3.0)
KVX ACB 4.2.0 (GCC 7.5.0)
KVX ACB 4.3.0 (GCC 7.5.0)
KVX ACB 4.4.0 (GCC 7.5.0)
KVX ACB 4.6.0 (GCC 9.4.1)
KVX ACB 4.8.0 (GCC 9.4.1)
KVX ACB 4.9.0 (GCC 9.4.1)
KVX ACB 5.0.0 (GCC 12.2.1)
KVX ACB 5.2.0 (GCC 13.2.1)
LoongArch64 clang (trunk)
LoongArch64 clang 17.0.1
LoongArch64 clang 18.1.0
LoongArch64 clang 19.1.0
M68K gcc 13.1.0
M68K gcc 13.2.0
M68K gcc 13.3.0
M68K gcc 14.1.0
M68K gcc 14.2.0
M68k clang (trunk)
MRISC32 gcc (trunk)
MSP430 gcc 4.5.3
MSP430 gcc 5.3.0
MSP430 gcc 6.2.1
MinGW clang 14.0.3
MinGW clang 14.0.6
MinGW clang 15.0.7
MinGW clang 16.0.0
MinGW clang 16.0.2
MinGW gcc 11.3.0
MinGW gcc 12.1.0
MinGW gcc 12.2.0
MinGW gcc 13.1.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc (trunk)
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 10.2.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 10.3.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 11.2.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 11.3.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 11.4.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 12.1.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 12.2.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 12.3.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 12.4.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 13.1.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 13.2.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 13.3.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 14.1.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 14.2.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 8.2.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 8.5.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 9.4.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc (trunk)
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 10.2.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 10.3.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 11.2.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 11.3.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 11.4.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 12.1.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 12.2.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 12.3.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 12.4.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 13.1.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 13.2.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 13.3.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 14.1.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 14.2.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 8.2.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 8.5.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 9.4.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang (trunk)
RISC-V rv32gc clang 10.0.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 10.0.1
RISC-V rv32gc clang 11.0.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 11.0.1
RISC-V rv32gc clang 12.0.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 12.0.1
RISC-V rv32gc clang 13.0.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 13.0.1
RISC-V rv32gc clang 14.0.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 15.0.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 16.0.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 17.0.1
RISC-V rv32gc clang 18.1.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 19.1.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 9.0.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 9.0.1
RISC-V rv64gc clang (trunk)
RISC-V rv64gc clang 10.0.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 10.0.1
RISC-V rv64gc clang 11.0.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 11.0.1
RISC-V rv64gc clang 12.0.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 12.0.1
RISC-V rv64gc clang 13.0.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 13.0.1
RISC-V rv64gc clang 14.0.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 15.0.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 16.0.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 17.0.1
RISC-V rv64gc clang 18.1.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 19.1.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 9.0.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 9.0.1
Raspbian Buster
Raspbian Stretch
SPARC LEON gcc 12.2.0
SPARC LEON gcc 12.3.0
SPARC LEON gcc 12.4.0
SPARC LEON gcc 13.1.0
SPARC LEON gcc 13.2.0
SPARC LEON gcc 13.3.0
SPARC LEON gcc 14.1.0
SPARC LEON gcc 14.2.0
SPARC gcc 12.2.0
SPARC gcc 12.3.0
SPARC gcc 12.4.0
SPARC gcc 13.1.0
SPARC gcc 13.2.0
SPARC gcc 13.3.0
SPARC gcc 14.1.0
SPARC gcc 14.2.0
SPARC64 gcc 12.2.0
SPARC64 gcc 12.3.0
SPARC64 gcc 12.4.0
SPARC64 gcc 13.1.0
SPARC64 gcc 13.2.0
SPARC64 gcc 13.3.0
SPARC64 gcc 14.1.0
SPARC64 gcc 14.2.0
TI C6x gcc 12.2.0
TI C6x gcc 12.3.0
TI C6x gcc 12.4.0
TI C6x gcc 13.1.0
TI C6x gcc 13.2.0
TI C6x gcc 13.3.0
TI C6x gcc 14.1.0
TI C6x gcc 14.2.0
TI CL430 21.6.1
VAX gcc NetBSDELF 10.4.0
VAX gcc NetBSDELF 10.5.0 (Nov 15 03:50:22 2023)
WebAssembly clang (trunk)
Xtensa ESP32 gcc 11.2.0 (2022r1)
Xtensa ESP32 gcc 12.2.0 (20230208)
Xtensa ESP32 gcc 8.2.0 (2019r2)
Xtensa ESP32 gcc 8.2.0 (2020r1)
Xtensa ESP32 gcc 8.2.0 (2020r2)
Xtensa ESP32 gcc 8.4.0 (2020r3)
Xtensa ESP32 gcc 8.4.0 (2021r1)
Xtensa ESP32 gcc 8.4.0 (2021r2)
Xtensa ESP32-S2 gcc 11.2.0 (2022r1)
Xtensa ESP32-S2 gcc 12.2.0 (20230208)
Xtensa ESP32-S2 gcc 8.2.0 (2019r2)
Xtensa ESP32-S2 gcc 8.2.0 (2020r1)
Xtensa ESP32-S2 gcc 8.2.0 (2020r2)
Xtensa ESP32-S2 gcc 8.4.0 (2020r3)
Xtensa ESP32-S2 gcc 8.4.0 (2021r1)
Xtensa ESP32-S2 gcc 8.4.0 (2021r2)
Xtensa ESP32-S3 gcc 11.2.0 (2022r1)
Xtensa ESP32-S3 gcc 12.2.0 (20230208)
Xtensa ESP32-S3 gcc 8.4.0 (2020r3)
Xtensa ESP32-S3 gcc 8.4.0 (2021r1)
Xtensa ESP32-S3 gcc 8.4.0 (2021r2)
arm64 msvc v19.20 VS16.0
arm64 msvc v19.21 VS16.1
arm64 msvc v19.22 VS16.2
arm64 msvc v19.23 VS16.3
arm64 msvc v19.24 VS16.4
arm64 msvc v19.25 VS16.5
arm64 msvc v19.27 VS16.7
arm64 msvc v19.28 VS16.8
arm64 msvc v19.28 VS16.9
arm64 msvc v19.29 VS16.10
arm64 msvc v19.29 VS16.11
arm64 msvc v19.30 VS17.0
arm64 msvc v19.31 VS17.1
arm64 msvc v19.32 VS17.2
arm64 msvc v19.33 VS17.3
arm64 msvc v19.34 VS17.4
arm64 msvc v19.35 VS17.5
arm64 msvc v19.36 VS17.6
arm64 msvc v19.37 VS17.7
arm64 msvc v19.38 VS17.8
arm64 msvc v19.39 VS17.9
arm64 msvc v19.40 VS17.10
arm64 msvc v19.latest
armv7-a clang (trunk)
armv7-a clang 10.0.0
armv7-a clang 10.0.1
armv7-a clang 11.0.0
armv7-a clang 11.0.1
armv7-a clang 12.0.0
armv7-a clang 12.0.1
armv7-a clang 13.0.0
armv7-a clang 13.0.1
armv7-a clang 14.0.0
armv7-a clang 15.0.0
armv7-a clang 16.0.0
armv7-a clang 17.0.1
armv7-a clang 18.1.0
armv7-a clang 19.1.0
armv7-a clang 9.0.0
armv7-a clang 9.0.1
armv8-a clang (all architectural features, trunk)
armv8-a clang (trunk)
armv8-a clang 10.0.0
armv8-a clang 10.0.1
armv8-a clang 11.0.0
armv8-a clang 11.0.1
armv8-a clang 12.0.0
armv8-a clang 13.0.0
armv8-a clang 14.0.0
armv8-a clang 15.0.0
armv8-a clang 16.0.0
armv8-a clang 17.0.1
armv8-a clang 18.1.0
armv8-a clang 19.1.0
armv8-a clang 9.0.0
armv8-a clang 9.0.1
clang-cl 18.1.0
ellcc 0.1.33
ellcc 0.1.34
ellcc 2017-07-16
hexagon-clang 16.0.5
llvm-mos atari2600-3e
llvm-mos atari2600-4k
llvm-mos atari2600-common
llvm-mos atari5200-supercart
llvm-mos atari8-cart-megacart
llvm-mos atari8-cart-std
llvm-mos atari8-cart-xegs
llvm-mos atari8-common
llvm-mos atari8-dos
llvm-mos c128
llvm-mos c64
llvm-mos commodore
llvm-mos cpm65
llvm-mos cx16
llvm-mos dodo
llvm-mos eater
llvm-mos mega65
llvm-mos nes
llvm-mos nes-action53
llvm-mos nes-cnrom
llvm-mos nes-gtrom
llvm-mos nes-mmc1
llvm-mos nes-mmc3
llvm-mos nes-nrom
llvm-mos nes-unrom
llvm-mos nes-unrom-512
llvm-mos osi-c1p
llvm-mos pce
llvm-mos pce-cd
llvm-mos pce-common
llvm-mos pet
llvm-mos rp6502
llvm-mos rpc8e
llvm-mos supervision
llvm-mos vic20
loongarch64 gcc 12.2.0
loongarch64 gcc 12.3.0
loongarch64 gcc 12.4.0
loongarch64 gcc 13.1.0
loongarch64 gcc 13.2.0
loongarch64 gcc 13.3.0
loongarch64 gcc 14.1.0
loongarch64 gcc 14.2.0
mips clang 13.0.0
mips clang 14.0.0
mips clang 15.0.0
mips clang 16.0.0
mips clang 17.0.1
mips clang 18.1.0
mips clang 19.1.0
mips gcc 11.2.0
mips gcc 12.1.0
mips gcc 12.2.0
mips gcc 12.3.0
mips gcc 12.4.0
mips gcc 13.1.0
mips gcc 13.2.0
mips gcc 13.3.0
mips gcc 14.1.0
mips gcc 14.2.0
mips gcc 4.9.4
mips gcc 5.4
mips gcc 5.5.0
mips gcc 9.3.0 (codescape)
mips gcc 9.5.0
mips64 (el) gcc 12.1.0
mips64 (el) gcc 12.2.0
mips64 (el) gcc 12.3.0
mips64 (el) gcc 12.4.0
mips64 (el) gcc 13.1.0
mips64 (el) gcc 13.2.0
mips64 (el) gcc 13.3.0
mips64 (el) gcc 14.1.0
mips64 (el) gcc 14.2.0
mips64 (el) gcc 4.9.4
mips64 (el) gcc 5.4.0
mips64 (el) gcc 5.5.0
mips64 (el) gcc 9.5.0
mips64 clang 13.0.0
mips64 clang 14.0.0
mips64 clang 15.0.0
mips64 clang 16.0.0
mips64 clang 17.0.1
mips64 clang 18.1.0
mips64 clang 19.1.0
mips64 gcc 11.2.0
mips64 gcc 12.1.0
mips64 gcc 12.2.0
mips64 gcc 12.3.0
mips64 gcc 12.4.0
mips64 gcc 13.1.0
mips64 gcc 13.2.0
mips64 gcc 13.3.0
mips64 gcc 14.1.0
mips64 gcc 14.2.0
mips64 gcc 4.9.4
mips64 gcc 5.4.0
mips64 gcc 5.5.0
mips64 gcc 9.5.0
mips64el clang 13.0.0
mips64el clang 14.0.0
mips64el clang 15.0.0
mips64el clang 16.0.0
mips64el clang 17.0.1
mips64el clang 18.1.0
mips64el clang 19.1.0
mipsel clang 13.0.0
mipsel clang 14.0.0
mipsel clang 15.0.0
mipsel clang 16.0.0
mipsel clang 17.0.1
mipsel clang 18.1.0
mipsel clang 19.1.0
mipsel gcc 12.1.0
mipsel gcc 12.2.0
mipsel gcc 12.3.0
mipsel gcc 12.4.0
mipsel gcc 13.1.0
mipsel gcc 13.2.0
mipsel gcc 13.3.0
mipsel gcc 14.1.0
mipsel gcc 14.2.0
mipsel gcc 4.9.4
mipsel gcc 5.4.0
mipsel gcc 5.5.0
mipsel gcc 9.5.0
nanoMIPS gcc 6.3.0 (mtk)
power gcc 11.2.0
power gcc 12.1.0
power gcc 12.2.0
power gcc 12.3.0
power gcc 12.4.0
power gcc 13.1.0
power gcc 13.2.0
power gcc 13.3.0
power gcc 14.1.0
power gcc 14.2.0
power gcc 4.8.5
power64 AT12.0 (gcc8)
power64 AT13.0 (gcc9)
power64 gcc 11.2.0
power64 gcc 12.1.0
power64 gcc 12.2.0
power64 gcc 12.3.0
power64 gcc 12.4.0
power64 gcc 13.1.0
power64 gcc 13.2.0
power64 gcc 13.3.0
power64 gcc 14.1.0
power64 gcc 14.2.0
power64 gcc trunk
power64le AT12.0 (gcc8)
power64le AT13.0 (gcc9)
power64le clang (trunk)
power64le gcc 11.2.0
power64le gcc 12.1.0
power64le gcc 12.2.0
power64le gcc 12.3.0
power64le gcc 12.4.0
power64le gcc 13.1.0
power64le gcc 13.2.0
power64le gcc 13.3.0
power64le gcc 14.1.0
power64le gcc 14.2.0
power64le gcc 6.3.0
power64le gcc trunk
powerpc64 clang (trunk)
qnx 8.0.0
s390x gcc 11.2.0
s390x gcc 12.1.0
s390x gcc 12.2.0
s390x gcc 12.3.0
s390x gcc 12.4.0
s390x gcc 13.1.0
s390x gcc 13.2.0
s390x gcc 13.3.0
s390x gcc 14.1.0
s390x gcc 14.2.0
sh gcc 12.2.0
sh gcc 12.3.0
sh gcc 12.4.0
sh gcc 13.1.0
sh gcc 13.2.0
sh gcc 13.3.0
sh gcc 14.1.0
sh gcc 14.2.0
sh gcc 4.9.4
sh gcc 9.5.0
vast (trunk)
x64 msvc v19.0 (WINE)
x64 msvc v19.10 (WINE)
x64 msvc v19.14 (WINE)
x64 msvc v19.20 VS16.0
x64 msvc v19.21 VS16.1
x64 msvc v19.22 VS16.2
x64 msvc v19.23 VS16.3
x64 msvc v19.24 VS16.4
x64 msvc v19.25 VS16.5
x64 msvc v19.27 VS16.7
x64 msvc v19.28 VS16.8
x64 msvc v19.28 VS16.9
x64 msvc v19.29 VS16.10
x64 msvc v19.29 VS16.11
x64 msvc v19.30 VS17.0
x64 msvc v19.31 VS17.1
x64 msvc v19.32 VS17.2
x64 msvc v19.33 VS17.3
x64 msvc v19.34 VS17.4
x64 msvc v19.35 VS17.5
x64 msvc v19.36 VS17.6
x64 msvc v19.37 VS17.7
x64 msvc v19.38 VS17.8
x64 msvc v19.39 VS17.9
x64 msvc v19.40 VS17.10
x64 msvc v19.latest
x86 djgpp 4.9.4
x86 djgpp 5.5.0
x86 djgpp 6.4.0
x86 djgpp 7.2.0
x86 msvc v19.0 (WINE)
x86 msvc v19.10 (WINE)
x86 msvc v19.14 (WINE)
x86 msvc v19.20 VS16.0
x86 msvc v19.21 VS16.1
x86 msvc v19.22 VS16.2
x86 msvc v19.23 VS16.3
x86 msvc v19.24 VS16.4
x86 msvc v19.25 VS16.5
x86 msvc v19.27 VS16.7
x86 msvc v19.28 VS16.8
x86 msvc v19.28 VS16.9
x86 msvc v19.29 VS16.10
x86 msvc v19.29 VS16.11
x86 msvc v19.30 VS17.0
x86 msvc v19.31 VS17.1
x86 msvc v19.32 VS17.2
x86 msvc v19.33 VS17.3
x86 msvc v19.34 VS17.4
x86 msvc v19.35 VS17.5
x86 msvc v19.36 VS17.6
x86 msvc v19.37 VS17.7
x86 msvc v19.38 VS17.8
x86 msvc v19.39 VS17.9
x86 msvc v19.40 VS17.10
x86 msvc v19.latest
x86 nvc++ 22.11
x86 nvc++ 22.7
x86 nvc++ 22.9
x86 nvc++ 23.1
x86 nvc++ 23.11
x86 nvc++ 23.3
x86 nvc++ 23.5
x86 nvc++ 23.7
x86 nvc++ 23.9
x86 nvc++ 24.1
x86 nvc++ 24.11
x86 nvc++ 24.3
x86 nvc++ 24.5
x86 nvc++ 24.7
x86 nvc++ 24.9
x86-64 Zapcc 190308
x86-64 clang (Chris Bazley N3089)
x86-64 clang (EricWF contracts)
x86-64 clang (amd-staging)
x86-64 clang (assertions trunk)
x86-64 clang (clangir)
x86-64 clang (dascandy contracts)
x86-64 clang (experimental -Wlifetime)
x86-64 clang (experimental P1061)
x86-64 clang (experimental P1144)
x86-64 clang (experimental P1221)
x86-64 clang (experimental P2996)
x86-64 clang (experimental P2998)
x86-64 clang (experimental P3068)
x86-64 clang (experimental P3309)
x86-64 clang (experimental P3367)
x86-64 clang (experimental P3372)
x86-64 clang (experimental metaprogramming - P2632)
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Source code
#include <immintrin.h> #include <bit> #include <cstddef> #include <cstdint> #include <type_traits> #define LIKELY(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 1) #define UNLIKELY(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 0) enum class byte : unsigned char {}; template <bool flag = false> static void deferred_static_assert(const char *msg) { static_assert(flag, "compilation error"); (void)msg; } static constexpr bool is_power2_or_zero(size_t value) { return (value & (value - 1U)) == 0; } static constexpr bool is_power2(size_t value) { return value && is_power2_or_zero(value); } static constexpr size_t log2(size_t value) { return (value == 0 || value == 1) ? 0 : 1 + log2(value / 2); } static constexpr size_t le_power2(size_t value) { return value == 0 ? value : 1ULL << log2(value); } static constexpr size_t ge_power2(size_t value) { return is_power2_or_zero(value) ? value : 1ULL << (log2(value) + 1); } template <size_t alignment> uintptr_t distance_to_align_down(const void *ptr) { static_assert(is_power2(alignment), "alignment must be a power of 2"); return reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(ptr) & (alignment - 1U); } template <size_t alignment> uintptr_t distance_to_align_up(const void *ptr) { static_assert(is_power2(alignment), "alignment must be a power of 2"); return -reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(ptr) & (alignment - 1U); } template <size_t alignment> uintptr_t distance_to_next_aligned(const void *ptr) { return alignment - distance_to_align_down<alignment>(ptr); } template <size_t alignment, typename T> static T *assume_aligned(T *ptr) { return reinterpret_cast<T *>(__builtin_assume_aligned(ptr, alignment)); } template <size_t Size> inline void memcpy_inline(void *__restrict dst, const void *__restrict src) { __builtin_memcpy_inline(dst, src, Size); } using Ptr = std::byte *; using CPtr = const std::byte *; template <typename T> struct StrictIntegralType { static_assert(std::is_integral_v<T>); template <typename U, std::enable_if_t<std::is_same_v<U, T>, bool> = 0> StrictIntegralType(U value) : value(value) {} explicit operator bool() const { return value; } StrictIntegralType operator|(const StrictIntegralType &Rhs) const { static_assert(!std::is_signed_v<T>); return value | Rhs.value; } explicit operator int() const { return std::bit_cast<int>(value); } inline static constexpr StrictIntegralType ZERO() { return {T(0)}; } private: T value; }; using MemcmpReturnType = StrictIntegralType<int32_t>; using BcmpReturnType = StrictIntegralType<uint32_t>; template <typename T> inline T load(CPtr ptr) { T Out; memcpy_inline<sizeof(T)>(&Out, ptr); return Out; } template <typename T> inline void store(Ptr ptr, T value) { memcpy_inline<sizeof(T)>(ptr, &value); } template <typename T1, typename T2> inline void adjust(ptrdiff_t offset, T1 *__restrict &p1, T2 *__restrict &p2, size_t &count) { p1 += offset; p2 += offset; count -= offset; } template <size_t SIZE> struct AlignHelper { AlignHelper(CPtr ptr) : offset_(distance_to_next_aligned<SIZE>(ptr)) {} inline bool not_aligned() const { return offset_ != SIZE; } inline uintptr_t offset() const { return offset_; } private: uintptr_t offset_; }; static_assert(((18446744073709551615UL) == 4294967295U) || ((18446744073709551615UL) == 18446744073709551615UL), "We currently only support 32- or 64-bit platforms"); template <typename T> struct is_scalar : std::false_type {}; template <> struct is_scalar<uint8_t> : std::true_type {}; template <> struct is_scalar<uint16_t> : std::true_type {}; template <> struct is_scalar<uint32_t> : std::true_type {}; template <> struct is_scalar<uint64_t> : std::true_type {}; template <typename T> constexpr bool is_scalar_v = is_scalar<T>::value; template <typename T> struct is_vector : std::false_type {}; template <typename T> constexpr bool is_vector_v = is_vector<T>::value; template <typename T> constexpr bool is_element_type_v = is_scalar_v<T> || is_vector_v<T>; template <typename T> inline static T load(CPtr ptr, size_t offset) { return load<T>(ptr + offset); } template <typename T> inline static T load_be(CPtr ptr, size_t offset) { if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, uint8_t>) { return load<T>(ptr, offset); } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, uint16_t>) { return __builtin_bswap16(load<T>(ptr, offset)); } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, uint32_t>) { return __builtin_bswap32(load<T>(ptr, offset)); } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, uint64_t>) { return __builtin_bswap64(load<T>(ptr, offset)); } } template <typename T> static bool eq(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t offset); template <typename T> static uint32_t neq(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t offset); template <typename T> static MemcmpReturnType cmp(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t offset); template <typename T> static MemcmpReturnType cmp_neq(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t offset); template <typename T> struct cmp_is_expensive; template <> struct cmp_is_expensive<uint8_t> : public std::false_type {}; template <> struct cmp_is_expensive<uint16_t> : public std::false_type {}; template <> struct cmp_is_expensive<uint32_t> : public std::false_type {}; template <> struct cmp_is_expensive<uint64_t> : public std::true_type {}; template <typename T> struct Memcmp { static_assert(is_element_type_v<T>); static constexpr size_t SIZE = sizeof(T); private: inline static MemcmpReturnType block_offset(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t offset) { if constexpr (cmp_is_expensive<T>::value) { if (!eq<T>(p1, p2, offset)) return cmp_neq<T>(p1, p2, offset); return MemcmpReturnType::ZERO(); } else { return cmp<T>(p1, p2, offset); } } public: inline static MemcmpReturnType block(CPtr p1, CPtr p2) { return block_offset(p1, p2, 0); } inline static MemcmpReturnType head_tail(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t count) { if constexpr (cmp_is_expensive<T>::value) { if (!eq<T>(p1, p2, 0)) return cmp_neq<T>(p1, p2, 0); } else { if (const auto value = cmp<T>(p1, p2, 0)) return value; } return block_offset(p1, p2, count - SIZE); } inline static MemcmpReturnType loop_and_tail(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t count) { if constexpr (SIZE > 1) { const size_t limit = count - SIZE; for (size_t offset = 0; offset < limit; offset += SIZE) { if (!eq<T>(p1, p2, offset)) { if constexpr (cmp_is_expensive<T>::value) { return cmp_neq<T>(p1, p2, offset); } else { return cmp<T>(p1, p2, offset); } } } return block_offset(p1, p2, limit); } else { for (size_t offset = 0; offset < count; offset += SIZE) if (auto value = cmp<T>(p1, p2, offset)) return value; return MemcmpReturnType::ZERO(); } } inline static MemcmpReturnType loop_and_tail_align_above(size_t threshold, CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t count) { const AlignHelper<sizeof(T)> helper(p1); if (UNLIKELY(count >= threshold) && helper.not_aligned()) { if (auto value = block(p1, p2)) return value; adjust(helper.offset(), p1, p2, count); } return loop_and_tail(p1, p2, count); } }; template <typename T, typename... TS> struct MemcmpSequence { static constexpr size_t SIZE = (sizeof(T) + ... + sizeof(TS)); inline static MemcmpReturnType block(CPtr p1, CPtr p2) { if constexpr (cmp_is_expensive<T>::value) { if (!eq<T>(p1, p2, 0)) return cmp_neq<T>(p1, p2, 0); } else { if (auto value = cmp<T>(p1, p2, 0)) return value; } if constexpr (sizeof...(TS) > 0) return MemcmpSequence<TS...>::block(p1 + sizeof(T), p2 + sizeof(T)); else return MemcmpReturnType::ZERO(); } }; template <typename T> struct Bcmp { static_assert(is_element_type_v<T>); static constexpr size_t SIZE = sizeof(T); inline static BcmpReturnType block(CPtr p1, CPtr p2) { return neq<T>(p1, p2, 0); } inline static BcmpReturnType tail(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t count) { const size_t tail_offset = count - SIZE; return neq<T>(p1, p2, tail_offset); } inline static BcmpReturnType head_tail(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t count) { if (const auto value = neq<T>(p1, p2, 0)) return value; return tail(p1, p2, count); } inline static BcmpReturnType loop_and_tail(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t count) { if constexpr (SIZE > 1) { const size_t limit = count - SIZE; for (size_t offset = 0; offset < limit; offset += SIZE) if (const auto value = neq<T>(p1, p2, offset)) return value; return tail(p1, p2, count); } else { for (size_t offset = 0; offset < count; offset += SIZE) if (const auto value = neq<T>(p1, p2, offset)) return value; return BcmpReturnType::ZERO(); } } inline static BcmpReturnType loop_and_tail_align_above(size_t threshold, CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t count) { static_assert(SIZE > 1, "No need to align when processing one byte at a time"); const AlignHelper<sizeof(T)> helper(p1); if (UNLIKELY(count >= threshold) && helper.not_aligned()) { if (auto value = block(p1, p2)) return value; adjust(helper.offset(), p1, p2, count); } return loop_and_tail(p1, p2, count); } }; template <typename T, typename... TS> struct BcmpSequence { static constexpr size_t SIZE = (sizeof(T) + ... + sizeof(TS)); inline static BcmpReturnType block(CPtr p1, CPtr p2) { if (auto value = neq<T>(p1, p2, 0)) return value; if constexpr (sizeof...(TS) > 0) return BcmpSequence<TS...>::block(p1 + sizeof(T), p2 + sizeof(T)); else return BcmpReturnType::ZERO(); } }; /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Specializations for uint8_t template <> inline bool eq<uint8_t>(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t offset) { return load<uint8_t>(p1, offset) == load<uint8_t>(p2, offset); } template <> inline uint32_t neq<uint8_t>(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t offset) { return load<uint8_t>(p1, offset) ^ load<uint8_t>(p2, offset); } template <> inline MemcmpReturnType cmp<uint8_t>(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t offset) { return static_cast<int32_t>(load<uint8_t>(p1, offset)) - static_cast<int32_t>(load<uint8_t>(p2, offset)); } template <> inline MemcmpReturnType cmp_neq<uint8_t>(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t offset); /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Specializations for uint16_t template <> inline bool eq<uint16_t>(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t offset) { return load<uint16_t>(p1, offset) == load<uint16_t>(p2, offset); } template <> inline uint32_t neq<uint16_t>(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t offset) { return load<uint16_t>(p1, offset) ^ load<uint16_t>(p2, offset); } template <> inline MemcmpReturnType cmp<uint16_t>(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t offset) { return static_cast<int32_t>(load_be<uint16_t>(p1, offset)) - static_cast<int32_t>(load_be<uint16_t>(p2, offset)); } template <> inline MemcmpReturnType cmp_neq<uint16_t>(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t offset); /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Specializations for uint32_t template <> inline bool eq<uint32_t>(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t offset) { return load<uint32_t>(p1, offset) == load<uint32_t>(p2, offset); } template <> inline uint32_t neq<uint32_t>(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t offset) { return load<uint32_t>(p1, offset) ^ load<uint32_t>(p2, offset); } template <> inline MemcmpReturnType cmp<uint32_t>(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t offset) { // We perform the difference as an uint64_t. const int64_t diff = static_cast<int64_t>(load_be<uint32_t>(p1, offset)) - static_cast<int64_t>(load_be<uint32_t>(p2, offset)); // And reduce the uint64_t into an uint32_t. // TODO: provide a detailed explanation. return static_cast<int32_t>((diff >> 1) | (diff & 0xFFFF)); } template <> inline MemcmpReturnType cmp_neq<uint32_t>(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t offset); /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Specializations for uint64_t template <> inline bool eq<uint64_t>(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t offset) { return load<uint64_t>(p1, offset) == load<uint64_t>(p2, offset); } template <> inline uint32_t neq<uint64_t>(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t offset) { return !eq<uint64_t>(p1, p2, offset); } template <> inline MemcmpReturnType cmp<uint64_t>(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t offset); template <> inline MemcmpReturnType cmp_neq<uint64_t>(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t offset) { const auto a = load_be<uint64_t>(p1, offset); const auto b = load_be<uint64_t>(p2, offset); return a < b ? -1 : 1; } /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Specializations for __m128i #if defined(__SSE4_1__) template <> struct is_vector<__m128i> : std::true_type {}; template <> struct cmp_is_expensive<__m128i> : std::true_type {}; inline __m128i bytewise_max(__m128i a, __m128i b) { return _mm_max_epu8(a, b); } inline __m128i bytewise_reverse(__m128i value) { return _mm_shuffle_epi8(value, _mm_set_epi8(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, // 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15)); } inline uint16_t big_endian_cmp_mask(__m128i max, __m128i value) { return _mm_movemask_epi8(bytewise_reverse(_mm_cmpeq_epi8(max, value))); } template <> inline bool eq<__m128i>(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t offset) { const auto a = load<__m128i>(p1, offset); const auto b = load<__m128i>(p2, offset); const auto xored = _mm_xor_si128(a, b); return _mm_testz_si128(xored, xored) == 1; // 1 iff xored == 0 } template <> inline uint32_t neq<__m128i>(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t offset) { const auto a = load<__m128i>(p1, offset); const auto b = load<__m128i>(p2, offset); const auto xored = _mm_xor_si128(a, b); return _mm_testz_si128(xored, xored) == 0; // 0 iff xored != 0 } template <> inline MemcmpReturnType cmp_neq<__m128i>(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t offset) { const auto a = load<__m128i>(p1, offset); const auto b = load<__m128i>(p2, offset); const auto vmax = bytewise_max(a, b); const auto le = big_endian_cmp_mask(vmax, b); const auto ge = big_endian_cmp_mask(vmax, a); static_assert(std::is_same_v<std::remove_cv_t<decltype(le)>, uint16_t>); return static_cast<int32_t>(ge) - static_cast<int32_t>(le); } #endif // __SSE4_1__ /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Specializations for __m256i #if defined(__AVX__) template <> struct is_vector<__m256i> : std::true_type {}; template <> struct cmp_is_expensive<__m256i> : std::true_type {}; template <> inline bool eq<__m256i>(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t offset) { const auto a = load<__m256i>(p1, offset); const auto b = load<__m256i>(p2, offset); const auto xored = _mm256_castps_si256( _mm256_xor_ps(_mm256_castsi256_ps(a), _mm256_castsi256_ps(b))); return _mm256_testz_si256(xored, xored) == 1; // 1 iff xored == 0 } template <> inline uint32_t neq<__m256i>(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t offset) { const auto a = load<__m256i>(p1, offset); const auto b = load<__m256i>(p2, offset); const auto xored = _mm256_castps_si256( _mm256_xor_ps(_mm256_castsi256_ps(a), _mm256_castsi256_ps(b))); return _mm256_testz_si256(xored, xored) == 0; // 0 iff xored != 0 } #endif // __AVX__ #if defined(__AVX2__) inline __m256i bytewise_max(__m256i a, __m256i b) { return _mm256_max_epu8(a, b); } inline __m256i bytewise_reverse(__m256i value) { return _mm256_shuffle_epi8(value, _mm256_set_epi8(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, // 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, // 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, // 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31)); } inline uint32_t big_endian_cmp_mask(__m256i max, __m256i value) { return _mm256_movemask_epi8(bytewise_reverse(_mm256_cmpeq_epi8(max, value))); } template <> inline MemcmpReturnType cmp_neq<__m256i>(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t offset) { const auto a = load<__m256i>(p1, offset); const auto b = load<__m256i>(p2, offset); const auto vmax = bytewise_max(a, b); const auto le = big_endian_cmp_mask(vmax, b); const auto ge = big_endian_cmp_mask(vmax, a); static_assert(std::is_same_v<std::remove_cv_t<decltype(le)>, uint32_t>); const int64_t diff = static_cast<int64_t>(ge) - static_cast<int64_t>(le); return static_cast<int32_t>((diff >> 1) | (diff & 0xFFFF)); } #endif // __AVX2__ /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Specializations for __m512i #if defined(__AVX512BW__) template <> struct is_vector<__m512i> : std::true_type {}; template <> struct cmp_is_expensive<__m512i> : std::true_type {}; inline __m512i bytewise_max(__m512i a, __m512i b) { return _mm512_max_epu8(a, b); } inline __m512i bytewise_reverse(__m512i value) { return _mm512_shuffle_epi8(value, _mm512_set_epi8(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, // 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, // 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, // 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, // 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, // 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, // 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, // 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63)); } inline uint64_t big_endian_cmp_mask(__m512i max, __m512i value) { return _mm512_cmpeq_epi8_mask(bytewise_reverse(max), bytewise_reverse(value)); } template <> inline bool eq<__m512i>(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t offset) { const auto a = load<__m512i>(p1, offset); const auto b = load<__m512i>(p2, offset); return _mm512_cmpneq_epi8_mask(a, b) == 0; } template <> inline uint32_t neq<__m512i>(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t offset) { const auto a = load<__m512i>(p1, offset); const auto b = load<__m512i>(p2, offset); const uint64_t xored = _mm512_cmpneq_epi8_mask(a, b); return (xored >> 32) | (xored & 0xFFFFFFFF); } template <> inline MemcmpReturnType cmp_neq<__m512i>(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t offset) { const auto a = load<__m512i>(p1, offset); const auto b = load<__m512i>(p2, offset); const auto vmax = bytewise_max(a, b); const auto le = big_endian_cmp_mask(vmax, b); const auto ge = big_endian_cmp_mask(vmax, a); static_assert(std::is_same_v<std::remove_cv_t<decltype(le)>, uint64_t>); return ge < le ? -1 : 1; } #endif // __AVX512BW__ [[maybe_unused]] inline MemcmpReturnType inline_memcmp_generic_gt16( CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t count) { return Memcmp<uint64_t>::loop_and_tail_align_above(384, p1, p2, count); } #if defined(__SSE4_1__) [[maybe_unused]] inline MemcmpReturnType inline_memcmp_x86_sse41_gt16( CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t count) { return Memcmp<__m128i>::loop_and_tail_align_above(384, p1, p2, count); } #endif // __SSE4_1__ #if defined(__AVX2__) [[maybe_unused]] inline MemcmpReturnType inline_memcmp_x86_avx2_gt16( CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t count) { if (count <= 32) return Memcmp<__m128i>::head_tail(p1, p2, count); if (count <= 64) return Memcmp<__m256i>::head_tail(p1, p2, count); return Memcmp<__m256i>::loop_and_tail_align_above(384, p1, p2, count); } #endif // __AVX2__ #if defined(__AVX512BW__) [[maybe_unused]] inline MemcmpReturnType inline_memcmp_x86_avx512bw_gt16( CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t count) { if (count <= 32) return Memcmp<__m128i>::head_tail(p1, p2, count); if (count <= 64) return Memcmp<__m256i>::head_tail(p1, p2, count); if (count <= 128) return Memcmp<__m512i>::head_tail(p1, p2, count); return Memcmp<__m512i>::loop_and_tail_align_above(384, p1, p2, count); } #endif // __AVX512BW__ inline MemcmpReturnType inline_memcmp_x86(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t count) { if (count == 0) // return MemcmpReturnType::ZERO(); if (count == 1) // return Memcmp<uint8_t>::block(p1, p2); if (count == 2) // return Memcmp<uint16_t>::block(p1, p2); if (count == 3) // return MemcmpSequence<uint16_t, uint8_t>::block(p1, p2); if (count == 4) // return Memcmp<uint32_t>::block(p1, p2); if (count == 5) // return MemcmpSequence<uint32_t, uint8_t>::block(p1, p2); if (count == 6) // return MemcmpSequence<uint32_t, uint16_t>::block(p1, p2); if (count == 7) // return MemcmpSequence<uint32_t, uint16_t, uint8_t>::block(p1, p2); if (count == 8) // return Memcmp<uint64_t>::block(p1, p2); if (count <= 16) // return Memcmp<uint64_t>::head_tail(p1, p2, count); #if defined(__AVX512BW__) return inline_memcmp_x86_avx512bw_gt16(p1, p2, count); #elif defined(__AVX2__) return inline_memcmp_x86_avx2_gt16(p1, p2, count); #elif defined(__SSE4_1__) return inline_memcmp_x86_sse41_gt16(p1, p2, count); #else return inline_memcmp_generic_gt16(p1, p2, count); #endif } __attribute__((flatten)) extern "C" int32_t memcmp(CPtr p1, CPtr p2, size_t count) { return (int32_t)inline_memcmp_x86(p1, p2, count); }
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