Thanks for using Compiler Explorer
Sponsors
Jakt
C++
Ada
Analysis
Android Java
Android Kotlin
Assembly
C
C3
Carbon
C++ (Circle)
CIRCT
Clean
CMake
CMakeScript
COBOL
C++ for OpenCL
MLIR
Cppx
Cppx-Blue
Cppx-Gold
Cpp2-cppfront
Crystal
C#
CUDA C++
D
Dart
Elixir
Erlang
Fortran
F#
Go
Haskell
HLSL
Hook
Hylo
ispc
Java
Julia
Kotlin
LLVM IR
LLVM MIR
Modula-2
Nim
Objective-C
Objective-C++
OCaml
OpenCL C
Pascal
Pony
Python
Racket
Ruby
Rust
Snowball
Scala
Solidity
Spice
Swift
LLVM TableGen
Toit
TypeScript Native
V
Vala
Visual Basic
Zig
Javascript
GIMPLE
c++ source #1
Output
Compile to binary object
Link to binary
Execute the code
Intel asm syntax
Demangle identifiers
Verbose demangling
Filters
Unused labels
Library functions
Directives
Comments
Horizontal whitespace
Debug intrinsics
Compiler
6502-c++ 11.1.0
ARM GCC 10.2.0
ARM GCC 10.3.0
ARM GCC 10.4.0
ARM GCC 10.5.0
ARM GCC 11.1.0
ARM GCC 11.2.0
ARM GCC 11.3.0
ARM GCC 11.4.0
ARM GCC 12.1.0
ARM GCC 12.2.0
ARM GCC 12.3.0
ARM GCC 13.1.0
ARM GCC 13.2.0
ARM GCC 13.2.0 (unknown-eabi)
ARM GCC 14.1.0
ARM GCC 4.5.4
ARM GCC 4.6.4
ARM GCC 5.4
ARM GCC 6.3.0
ARM GCC 6.4.0
ARM GCC 7.3.0
ARM GCC 7.5.0
ARM GCC 8.2.0
ARM GCC 8.5.0
ARM GCC 9.3.0
ARM GCC 9.4.0
ARM GCC 9.5.0
ARM GCC trunk
ARM gcc 10.2.1 (none)
ARM gcc 10.3.1 (2021.07 none)
ARM gcc 10.3.1 (2021.10 none)
ARM gcc 11.2.1 (none)
ARM gcc 5.4.1 (none)
ARM gcc 7.2.1 (none)
ARM gcc 8.2 (WinCE)
ARM gcc 8.3.1 (none)
ARM gcc 9.2.1 (none)
ARM msvc v19.0 (WINE)
ARM msvc v19.10 (WINE)
ARM msvc v19.14 (WINE)
ARM64 Morello gcc 10.1 Alpha 2
ARM64 gcc 10.2
ARM64 gcc 10.3
ARM64 gcc 10.4
ARM64 gcc 10.5.0
ARM64 gcc 11.1
ARM64 gcc 11.2
ARM64 gcc 11.3
ARM64 gcc 11.4.0
ARM64 gcc 12.1
ARM64 gcc 12.2.0
ARM64 gcc 12.3.0
ARM64 gcc 13.1.0
ARM64 gcc 13.2.0
ARM64 gcc 14.1.0
ARM64 gcc 4.9.4
ARM64 gcc 5.4
ARM64 gcc 5.5.0
ARM64 gcc 6.3
ARM64 gcc 6.4
ARM64 gcc 7.3
ARM64 gcc 7.5
ARM64 gcc 8.2
ARM64 gcc 8.5
ARM64 gcc 9.3
ARM64 gcc 9.4
ARM64 gcc 9.5
ARM64 gcc trunk
ARM64 msvc v19.14 (WINE)
AVR gcc 10.3.0
AVR gcc 11.1.0
AVR gcc 12.1.0
AVR gcc 12.2.0
AVR gcc 12.3.0
AVR gcc 13.1.0
AVR gcc 13.2.0
AVR gcc 14.1.0
AVR gcc 4.5.4
AVR gcc 4.6.4
AVR gcc 5.4.0
AVR gcc 9.2.0
AVR gcc 9.3.0
Arduino Mega (1.8.9)
Arduino Uno (1.8.9)
BPF clang (trunk)
BPF clang 13.0.0
BPF clang 14.0.0
BPF clang 15.0.0
BPF clang 16.0.0
BPF clang 17.0.1
BPF clang 18.1.0
BPF gcc 13.1.0
BPF gcc 13.2.0
BPF gcc trunk
EDG (experimental reflection)
EDG 6.5
EDG 6.5 (GNU mode gcc 13)
EDG 6.6
EDG 6.6 (GNU mode gcc 13)
FRC 2019
FRC 2020
FRC 2023
KVX ACB 4.1.0 (GCC 7.5.0)
KVX ACB 4.1.0-cd1 (GCC 7.5.0)
KVX ACB 4.10.0 (GCC 10.3.1)
KVX ACB 4.11.1 (GCC 10.3.1)
KVX ACB 4.12.0 (GCC 11.3.0)
KVX ACB 4.2.0 (GCC 7.5.0)
KVX ACB 4.3.0 (GCC 7.5.0)
KVX ACB 4.4.0 (GCC 7.5.0)
KVX ACB 4.6.0 (GCC 9.4.1)
KVX ACB 4.8.0 (GCC 9.4.1)
KVX ACB 4.9.0 (GCC 9.4.1)
M68K gcc 13.1.0
M68K gcc 13.2.0
M68K gcc 14.1.0
M68k clang (trunk)
MRISC32 gcc (trunk)
MSP430 gcc 4.5.3
MSP430 gcc 5.3.0
MSP430 gcc 6.2.1
MinGW clang 14.0.3
MinGW clang 14.0.6
MinGW clang 15.0.7
MinGW clang 16.0.0
MinGW clang 16.0.2
MinGW gcc 11.3.0
MinGW gcc 12.1.0
MinGW gcc 12.2.0
MinGW gcc 13.1.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc (trunk)
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 10.2.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 10.3.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 11.2.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 11.3.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 11.4.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 12.1.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 12.2.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 12.3.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 13.1.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 13.2.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 14.1.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 8.2.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 8.5.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 9.4.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc (trunk)
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 10.2.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 10.3.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 11.2.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 11.3.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 11.4.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 12.1.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 12.2.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 12.3.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 13.1.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 13.2.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 14.1.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 8.2.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 8.5.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 9.4.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang (trunk)
RISC-V rv32gc clang 10.0.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 10.0.1
RISC-V rv32gc clang 11.0.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 11.0.1
RISC-V rv32gc clang 12.0.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 12.0.1
RISC-V rv32gc clang 13.0.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 13.0.1
RISC-V rv32gc clang 14.0.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 15.0.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 16.0.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 17.0.1
RISC-V rv32gc clang 18.1.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 9.0.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 9.0.1
RISC-V rv64gc clang (trunk)
RISC-V rv64gc clang 10.0.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 10.0.1
RISC-V rv64gc clang 11.0.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 11.0.1
RISC-V rv64gc clang 12.0.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 12.0.1
RISC-V rv64gc clang 13.0.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 13.0.1
RISC-V rv64gc clang 14.0.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 15.0.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 16.0.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 17.0.1
RISC-V rv64gc clang 18.1.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 9.0.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 9.0.1
Raspbian Buster
Raspbian Stretch
SPARC LEON gcc 12.2.0
SPARC LEON gcc 12.3.0
SPARC LEON gcc 13.1.0
SPARC LEON gcc 13.2.0
SPARC gcc 12.2.0
SPARC gcc 12.3.0
SPARC gcc 13.1.0
SPARC gcc 13.2.0
SPARC gcc 14.1.0
SPARC64 gcc 12.2.0
SPARC64 gcc 12.3.0
SPARC64 gcc 13.1.0
SPARC64 gcc 13.2.0
SPARC64 gcc 14.1.0
TI C6x gcc 12.2.0
TI C6x gcc 12.3.0
TI C6x gcc 13.1.0
TI C6x gcc 13.2.0
TI C6x gcc 14.1.0
TI CL430 21.6.1
VAX gcc NetBSDELF 10.4.0
VAX gcc NetBSDELF 10.5.0 (Nov 15 03:50:22 2023)
WebAssembly clang (trunk)
Xtensa ESP32 gcc 11.2.0 (2022r1)
Xtensa ESP32 gcc 12.2.0 (20230208)
Xtensa ESP32 gcc 8.2.0 (2019r2)
Xtensa ESP32 gcc 8.2.0 (2020r1)
Xtensa ESP32 gcc 8.2.0 (2020r2)
Xtensa ESP32 gcc 8.4.0 (2020r3)
Xtensa ESP32 gcc 8.4.0 (2021r1)
Xtensa ESP32 gcc 8.4.0 (2021r2)
Xtensa ESP32-S2 gcc 11.2.0 (2022r1)
Xtensa ESP32-S2 gcc 12.2.0 (20230208)
Xtensa ESP32-S2 gcc 8.2.0 (2019r2)
Xtensa ESP32-S2 gcc 8.2.0 (2020r1)
Xtensa ESP32-S2 gcc 8.2.0 (2020r2)
Xtensa ESP32-S2 gcc 8.4.0 (2020r3)
Xtensa ESP32-S2 gcc 8.4.0 (2021r1)
Xtensa ESP32-S2 gcc 8.4.0 (2021r2)
Xtensa ESP32-S3 gcc 11.2.0 (2022r1)
Xtensa ESP32-S3 gcc 12.2.0 (20230208)
Xtensa ESP32-S3 gcc 8.4.0 (2020r3)
Xtensa ESP32-S3 gcc 8.4.0 (2021r1)
Xtensa ESP32-S3 gcc 8.4.0 (2021r2)
arm64 msvc v19.28 VS16.9
arm64 msvc v19.29 VS16.10
arm64 msvc v19.29 VS16.11
arm64 msvc v19.30
arm64 msvc v19.31
arm64 msvc v19.32
arm64 msvc v19.33
arm64 msvc v19.34
arm64 msvc v19.35
arm64 msvc v19.36
arm64 msvc v19.37
arm64 msvc v19.38
arm64 msvc v19.latest
armv7-a clang (trunk)
armv7-a clang 10.0.0
armv7-a clang 10.0.1
armv7-a clang 11.0.0
armv7-a clang 11.0.1
armv7-a clang 12.0.0
armv7-a clang 12.0.1
armv7-a clang 13.0.0
armv7-a clang 13.0.1
armv7-a clang 14.0.0
armv7-a clang 15.0.0
armv7-a clang 16.0.0
armv7-a clang 17.0.1
armv7-a clang 18.1.0
armv7-a clang 9.0.0
armv7-a clang 9.0.1
armv8-a clang (all architectural features, trunk)
armv8-a clang (trunk)
armv8-a clang 10.0.0
armv8-a clang 10.0.1
armv8-a clang 11.0.0
armv8-a clang 11.0.1
armv8-a clang 12.0.0
armv8-a clang 13.0.0
armv8-a clang 14.0.0
armv8-a clang 15.0.0
armv8-a clang 16.0.0
armv8-a clang 17.0.1
armv8-a clang 18.1.0
armv8-a clang 9.0.0
armv8-a clang 9.0.1
ellcc 0.1.33
ellcc 0.1.34
ellcc 2017-07-16
hexagon-clang 16.0.5
llvm-mos atari2600-3e
llvm-mos atari2600-4k
llvm-mos atari2600-common
llvm-mos atari5200-supercart
llvm-mos atari8-cart-megacart
llvm-mos atari8-cart-std
llvm-mos atari8-cart-xegs
llvm-mos atari8-common
llvm-mos atari8-dos
llvm-mos c128
llvm-mos c64
llvm-mos commodore
llvm-mos cpm65
llvm-mos cx16
llvm-mos dodo
llvm-mos eater
llvm-mos mega65
llvm-mos nes
llvm-mos nes-action53
llvm-mos nes-cnrom
llvm-mos nes-gtrom
llvm-mos nes-mmc1
llvm-mos nes-mmc3
llvm-mos nes-nrom
llvm-mos nes-unrom
llvm-mos nes-unrom-512
llvm-mos osi-c1p
llvm-mos pce
llvm-mos pce-cd
llvm-mos pce-common
llvm-mos pet
llvm-mos rp6502
llvm-mos rpc8e
llvm-mos supervision
llvm-mos vic20
loongarch64 gcc 12.2.0
loongarch64 gcc 12.3.0
loongarch64 gcc 13.1.0
loongarch64 gcc 13.2.0
loongarch64 gcc 14.1.0
mips clang 13.0.0
mips clang 14.0.0
mips clang 15.0.0
mips clang 16.0.0
mips clang 17.0.1
mips clang 18.1.0
mips gcc 11.2.0
mips gcc 12.1.0
mips gcc 12.2.0
mips gcc 12.3.0
mips gcc 13.1.0
mips gcc 13.2.0
mips gcc 14.1.0
mips gcc 4.9.4
mips gcc 5.4
mips gcc 5.5.0
mips gcc 9.3.0 (codescape)
mips gcc 9.5.0
mips64 (el) gcc 12.1.0
mips64 (el) gcc 12.2.0
mips64 (el) gcc 12.3.0
mips64 (el) gcc 13.1.0
mips64 (el) gcc 13.2.0
mips64 (el) gcc 14.1.0
mips64 (el) gcc 4.9.4
mips64 (el) gcc 5.4.0
mips64 (el) gcc 5.5.0
mips64 (el) gcc 9.5.0
mips64 clang 13.0.0
mips64 clang 14.0.0
mips64 clang 15.0.0
mips64 clang 16.0.0
mips64 clang 17.0.1
mips64 clang 18.1.0
mips64 gcc 11.2.0
mips64 gcc 12.1.0
mips64 gcc 12.2.0
mips64 gcc 12.3.0
mips64 gcc 13.1.0
mips64 gcc 13.2.0
mips64 gcc 14.1.0
mips64 gcc 4.9.4
mips64 gcc 5.4.0
mips64 gcc 5.5.0
mips64 gcc 9.5.0
mips64el clang 13.0.0
mips64el clang 14.0.0
mips64el clang 15.0.0
mips64el clang 16.0.0
mips64el clang 17.0.1
mips64el clang 18.1.0
mipsel clang 13.0.0
mipsel clang 14.0.0
mipsel clang 15.0.0
mipsel clang 16.0.0
mipsel clang 17.0.1
mipsel clang 18.1.0
mipsel gcc 12.1.0
mipsel gcc 12.2.0
mipsel gcc 12.3.0
mipsel gcc 13.1.0
mipsel gcc 13.2.0
mipsel gcc 14.1.0
mipsel gcc 4.9.4
mipsel gcc 5.4.0
mipsel gcc 5.5.0
mipsel gcc 9.5.0
nanoMIPS gcc 6.3.0 (mtk)
power gcc 11.2.0
power gcc 12.1.0
power gcc 12.2.0
power gcc 12.3.0
power gcc 13.1.0
power gcc 13.2.0
power gcc 14.1.0
power gcc 4.8.5
power64 AT12.0 (gcc8)
power64 AT13.0 (gcc9)
power64 gcc 11.2.0
power64 gcc 12.1.0
power64 gcc 12.2.0
power64 gcc 12.3.0
power64 gcc 13.1.0
power64 gcc 13.2.0
power64 gcc 14.1.0
power64 gcc trunk
power64le AT12.0 (gcc8)
power64le AT13.0 (gcc9)
power64le clang (trunk)
power64le gcc 11.2.0
power64le gcc 12.1.0
power64le gcc 12.2.0
power64le gcc 12.3.0
power64le gcc 13.1.0
power64le gcc 13.2.0
power64le gcc 14.1.0
power64le gcc 6.3.0
power64le gcc trunk
powerpc64 clang (trunk)
s390x gcc 11.2.0
s390x gcc 12.1.0
s390x gcc 12.2.0
s390x gcc 12.3.0
s390x gcc 13.1.0
s390x gcc 13.2.0
s390x gcc 14.1.0
sh gcc 12.2.0
sh gcc 12.3.0
sh gcc 13.1.0
sh gcc 13.2.0
sh gcc 14.1.0
sh gcc 4.9.4
sh gcc 9.5.0
vast (trunk)
x64 msvc v19.0 (WINE)
x64 msvc v19.10 (WINE)
x64 msvc v19.14
x64 msvc v19.14 (WINE)
x64 msvc v19.15
x64 msvc v19.16
x64 msvc v19.20
x64 msvc v19.21
x64 msvc v19.22
x64 msvc v19.23
x64 msvc v19.24
x64 msvc v19.25
x64 msvc v19.26
x64 msvc v19.27
x64 msvc v19.28
x64 msvc v19.28 VS16.9
x64 msvc v19.29 VS16.10
x64 msvc v19.29 VS16.11
x64 msvc v19.30
x64 msvc v19.31
x64 msvc v19.32
x64 msvc v19.33
x64 msvc v19.34
x64 msvc v19.35
x64 msvc v19.36
x64 msvc v19.37
x64 msvc v19.38
x64 msvc v19.latest
x86 djgpp 4.9.4
x86 djgpp 5.5.0
x86 djgpp 6.4.0
x86 djgpp 7.2.0
x86 msvc v19.0 (WINE)
x86 msvc v19.10 (WINE)
x86 msvc v19.14
x86 msvc v19.14 (WINE)
x86 msvc v19.15
x86 msvc v19.16
x86 msvc v19.20
x86 msvc v19.21
x86 msvc v19.22
x86 msvc v19.23
x86 msvc v19.24
x86 msvc v19.25
x86 msvc v19.26
x86 msvc v19.27
x86 msvc v19.28
x86 msvc v19.28 VS16.9
x86 msvc v19.29 VS16.10
x86 msvc v19.29 VS16.11
x86 msvc v19.30
x86 msvc v19.31
x86 msvc v19.32
x86 msvc v19.33
x86 msvc v19.34
x86 msvc v19.35
x86 msvc v19.36
x86 msvc v19.37
x86 msvc v19.38
x86 msvc v19.latest
x86 nvc++ 22.11
x86 nvc++ 22.7
x86 nvc++ 22.9
x86 nvc++ 23.1
x86 nvc++ 23.11
x86 nvc++ 23.3
x86 nvc++ 23.5
x86 nvc++ 23.7
x86 nvc++ 23.9
x86 nvc++ 24.1
x86 nvc++ 24.3
x86-64 Zapcc 190308
x86-64 clang (amd-stg-open)
x86-64 clang (assertions trunk)
x86-64 clang (clangir)
x86-64 clang (experimental -Wlifetime)
x86-64 clang (experimental P1061)
x86-64 clang (experimental P1144)
x86-64 clang (experimental P1221)
x86-64 clang (experimental P2996)
x86-64 clang (experimental metaprogramming - P2632)
x86-64 clang (experimental pattern matching)
x86-64 clang (old concepts branch)
x86-64 clang (reflection)
x86-64 clang (resugar)
x86-64 clang (thephd.dev)
x86-64 clang (trunk)
x86-64 clang (variadic friends - P2893)
x86-64 clang (widberg)
x86-64 clang 10.0.0
x86-64 clang 10.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 10.0.1
x86-64 clang 11.0.0
x86-64 clang 11.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 11.0.1
x86-64 clang 12.0.0
x86-64 clang 12.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 12.0.1
x86-64 clang 13.0.0
x86-64 clang 13.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 13.0.1
x86-64 clang 14.0.0
x86-64 clang 14.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 15.0.0
x86-64 clang 15.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 16.0.0
x86-64 clang 16.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 17.0.1
x86-64 clang 17.0.1 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 18.1.0
x86-64 clang 18.1.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 2.6.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 2.7.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 2.8.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 2.9.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 3.0.0
x86-64 clang 3.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 3.1
x86-64 clang 3.1 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 3.2
x86-64 clang 3.2 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 3.3
x86-64 clang 3.3 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 3.4 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 3.4.1
x86-64 clang 3.5
x86-64 clang 3.5 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 3.5.1
x86-64 clang 3.5.2
x86-64 clang 3.6
x86-64 clang 3.6 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 3.7
x86-64 clang 3.7 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 3.7.1
x86-64 clang 3.8
x86-64 clang 3.8 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 3.8.1
x86-64 clang 3.9.0
x86-64 clang 3.9.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 3.9.1
x86-64 clang 4.0.0
x86-64 clang 4.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 4.0.1
x86-64 clang 5.0.0
x86-64 clang 5.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 5.0.1
x86-64 clang 5.0.2
x86-64 clang 6.0.0
x86-64 clang 6.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 6.0.1
x86-64 clang 7.0.0
x86-64 clang 7.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 7.0.1
x86-64 clang 7.1.0
x86-64 clang 8.0.0
x86-64 clang 8.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 8.0.1
x86-64 clang 9.0.0
x86-64 clang 9.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 9.0.1
x86-64 clang rocm-4.5.2
x86-64 clang rocm-5.0.2
x86-64 clang rocm-5.1.3
x86-64 clang rocm-5.2.3
x86-64 clang rocm-5.3.3
x86-64 clang rocm-5.7.0
x86-64 gcc (contract labels)
x86-64 gcc (contracts natural syntax)
x86-64 gcc (contracts)
x86-64 gcc (coroutines)
x86-64 gcc (modules)
x86-64 gcc (trunk)
x86-64 gcc 10.1
x86-64 gcc 10.2
x86-64 gcc 10.3
x86-64 gcc 10.4
x86-64 gcc 10.5
x86-64 gcc 11.1
x86-64 gcc 11.2
x86-64 gcc 11.3
x86-64 gcc 11.4
x86-64 gcc 12.1
x86-64 gcc 12.2
x86-64 gcc 12.3
x86-64 gcc 13.1
x86-64 gcc 13.2
x86-64 gcc 14.1
x86-64 gcc 3.4.6
x86-64 gcc 4.0.4
x86-64 gcc 4.1.2
x86-64 gcc 4.4.7
x86-64 gcc 4.5.3
x86-64 gcc 4.6.4
x86-64 gcc 4.7.1
x86-64 gcc 4.7.2
x86-64 gcc 4.7.3
x86-64 gcc 4.7.4
x86-64 gcc 4.8.1
x86-64 gcc 4.8.2
x86-64 gcc 4.8.3
x86-64 gcc 4.8.4
x86-64 gcc 4.8.5
x86-64 gcc 4.9.0
x86-64 gcc 4.9.1
x86-64 gcc 4.9.2
x86-64 gcc 4.9.3
x86-64 gcc 4.9.4
x86-64 gcc 5.1
x86-64 gcc 5.2
x86-64 gcc 5.3
x86-64 gcc 5.4
x86-64 gcc 5.5
x86-64 gcc 6.1
x86-64 gcc 6.2
x86-64 gcc 6.3
x86-64 gcc 6.4
x86-64 gcc 6.5
x86-64 gcc 7.1
x86-64 gcc 7.2
x86-64 gcc 7.3
x86-64 gcc 7.4
x86-64 gcc 7.5
x86-64 gcc 8.1
x86-64 gcc 8.2
x86-64 gcc 8.3
x86-64 gcc 8.4
x86-64 gcc 8.5
x86-64 gcc 9.1
x86-64 gcc 9.2
x86-64 gcc 9.3
x86-64 gcc 9.4
x86-64 gcc 9.5
x86-64 icc 13.0.1
x86-64 icc 16.0.3
x86-64 icc 17.0.0
x86-64 icc 18.0.0
x86-64 icc 19.0.0
x86-64 icc 19.0.1
x86-64 icc 2021.1.2
x86-64 icc 2021.10.0
x86-64 icc 2021.2.0
x86-64 icc 2021.3.0
x86-64 icc 2021.4.0
x86-64 icc 2021.5.0
x86-64 icc 2021.6.0
x86-64 icc 2021.7.0
x86-64 icc 2021.7.1
x86-64 icc 2021.8.0
x86-64 icc 2021.9.0
x86-64 icx (latest)
x86-64 icx 2021.1.2
x86-64 icx 2021.2.0
x86-64 icx 2021.3.0
x86-64 icx 2021.4.0
x86-64 icx 2022.0.0
x86-64 icx 2022.1.0
x86-64 icx 2022.2.0
x86-64 icx 2022.2.1
x86-64 icx 2023.0.0
x86-64 icx 2023.1.0
x86-64 icx 2023.2.1
x86-64 icx 2024.0.0
zig c++ 0.10.0
zig c++ 0.11.0
zig c++ 0.12.0
zig c++ 0.6.0
zig c++ 0.7.0
zig c++ 0.7.1
zig c++ 0.8.0
zig c++ 0.9.0
zig c++ trunk
Options
Source code
#include <stdint.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <iostream> #define VIRTUAL_ADC /* ******************************************** */ /* Окружение для эмуляции сигнала и работы АЦП */ /* ******************************************** */ constexpr auto MaxByResolution(uint8_t bits) { return ((1 << bits) - 1); } template<typename T> T map(T x, T in_min, T in_max, T out_min, T out_max) { return (x - in_min) * (out_max - out_min) / (in_max - in_min) + out_min; } struct signalFunctor { virtual float operator()() = 0; virtual ~signalFunctor() { } }; template<int (&RandGen)()> class noiseDecorator : public signalFunctor { public: float operator()() override { double noiseSample = map<double>(RandGen(), 0, RAND_MAX, min, max); return (sig() + noiseSample); } virtual ~noiseDecorator() { } noiseDecorator(signalFunctor& sig, float maxAmpl, float minAmpl) : sig(sig), max(maxAmpl), min(minAmpl) { } protected: signalFunctor& sig; float const max; float const min; }; class dc : public signalFunctor { public: float operator()() override { return value; } virtual ~dc() { } dc(float value) : value(value) { } private: float const value; }; struct ADC { virtual uint32_t Read() = 0; virtual ~ADC() { } }; class virtualADC : public ADC { public: uint32_t Read() override { uint32_t result = 0; float s = signal(); if (s >= refVoltage) { /* saturation + */ result = MaxByResolution(resolutionBits); } else if (s > 0.0) { result = MaxByResolution(resolutionBits); result *= s / refVoltage; } return result; } virtualADC(float ref, uint8_t resol, signalFunctor& sig) : refVoltage(ref), resolutionBits(resol), signal(sig) { } private: float const refVoltage; uint8_t const resolutionBits; signalFunctor& signal; }; class adcDecorator : public ADC { public: virtual uint32_t Read() override = 0; virtual ~adcDecorator() { } adcDecorator(ADC& adc) :adc(adc) { } protected: ADC& adc; }; template<class FILTER> class filterDecorator : public adcDecorator { public: uint32_t Read() override { return filter.Filtering(adc.Read()); } virtual ~filterDecorator() { } filterDecorator(ADC& adc) :adcDecorator(adc) { } private: FILTER filter; }; class arduinoSerial { public: void begin(unsigned long baud) { (void)baud; } void begin(unsigned long, uint8_t) { } size_t write(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) { out << std::hex; for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) { out << static_cast<unsigned>(buffer[i]); out << " "; } out << std::dec; out << std::endl; return size; } arduinoSerial (std::ostream& out) : out(out) {} private: std::ostream& out; } Serial(std::cout); /* ********************************** */ /* ********************************** */ /* *********** Arduino код ********** */ /* ********************************** */ /* ********************************** */ /* Оригинальный странный алгоритм */ template<typename T, size_t IT_MAX> class strangeFilter final { public: T Filtering(T inSig) { Sig[0] = (3 * Sig[0] + inSig) >> 2; for (size_t i = 1; i < IT_MAX; ++i) { Sig[i] = (3 * Sig[i] + Sig[i - 1]) >> 2; } return Sig[IT_MAX - 1]; } strangeFilter() { } private: T Sig[IT_MAX]; }; /* Алгоритм фильтрации скользящего среднего */ template<typename T, size_t DEEP> class movingAverage final { public: T Filtering(T inSig) { acc -= sample[itCount]; sample[itCount] = inSig; acc += inSig; itCount = ((itCount + 1) % DEEP); return (acc / DEEP); } movingAverage() : itCount(0), acc(0) { memset(sample, 0x00, sizeof(sample)); } private: size_t itCount; T acc; T sample[DEEP]; }; #define BUFFER_SIZE 17 // размер буфера передачи #define MAXPACKETS 6 // число пакетов #define ADC_RESOL (16U) // Реальное разрешение АЦП #define TRAGET_RESOL (24U) // Целевое разрешение /*********** Вспомогательные функции */ template<typename TRUE, typename FALSE, bool cond> struct boolStrategy { typedef TRUE type; }; template<typename TRUE, typename FALSE> struct boolStrategy<TRUE, FALSE, false> { typedef FALSE type; }; /* Алгоримы преобразования разрешения результата */ template<uint32_t resol, uint32_t target> class resolCast { private: /* когда Целевое разрешение выше */ struct castUp { static uint32_t _Cast(uint32_t val) { return (val << (target - resol)); } }; /* когда разрешение АЦП больше */ struct castDown { static uint32_t _Cast(uint32_t val) { return (val >> (resol - target)); } }; public: static uint32_t Cast(uint32_t val) { return boolStrategy<castUp, castDown, (target >= resol)>::type::_Cast(val); } }; /* Объект который будет выполнять функцию сериализатора данных * выпонет упаковку данных типа TYPE_PACK как массив без разрывов, * а также чтение полей. */ template<typename TYPE_PACK, size_t MAX_NUM> class packet final { public: TYPE_PACK& operator[](size_t index) { TYPE_PACK* instance = reinterpret_cast<TYPE_PACK*>(&data[1] + index * sizeof(TYPE_PACK)); return *instance; } void SetID(uint8_t id) { data[0] = id; } uint8_t GetID() const { return data[0]; } private: uint8_t data[(sizeof(TYPE_PACK) * MAX_NUM) + 1]; }; /* Структура данных для 1 канала */ struct channel_t { uint32_t adc : 24; uint32_t mask : 8; }; static packet<channel_t, 2> out; static packet<channel_t, 2> recv; // static strangeFilter<uint32_t, 4> filter[2]; static movingAverage<uint32_t, 4> filter[2]; static uint32_t signal[2]; static uint8_t Key[4]; uint32_t ReadAdcDataReg(uint8_t channel); /* Пустая заглушка*/ void WriteToAdcRegister(...) {} uint32_t ReadAdcDataReg(uint8_t channel) { uint32_t Out = 0; /* Setup measuring channel */ WriteToAdcRegister(0x38 + channel,0,0,0,1); //+Channel #ifdef VIRTUAL_ADC /* Эмуляция сигнала на входе АЦП, с добавлением шума, * и эмуляция работы самого АЦП (чтение очередного семпла). */ static dc cleanSignal(2.5); /* Постоянное напряжение в вольтах */ static noiseDecorator<rand> sig(cleanSignal, 0.1, -0.1); /* Добавление шума с аплитудой от -0.1В до 0.1В */ static virtualADC adc(5, ADC_RESOL, sig); /* АЦП: опорное 5В, разрядность 16 бит, источник сигнала sig */ Out = adc.Read(); #else char Index; for(Index=0;Index<16;Index++) { Out <<= 1; CLEAR_SCLK; SET_SCLK; Out |= READ_DATA_IO; } #endif /* VIRTUAL_ADC */ return filter[channel].Filtering( /* Преобразование значения из ADC_RESOL в TARGET_RESOL */ resolCast<ADC_RESOL, TRAGET_RESOL>::Cast(Out) ); } void FillBuffer(uint8_t channel) { out[channel].adc = signal[channel]; out[channel].mask = (Key[channel] == 0) ? (0) : (0x10); } void SendPacketByRs(void) { Serial.write(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(&out), sizeof(out)); /* Передача пакета данных - копирование данных * из памяти одного устройства в память другого устройства * в рамках одного устройства эту операцию можно заменить * копированием данных из одного буфера в другой */ memcpy(&recv, &out, sizeof(recv)); } void INT1_vect_interrupt(void) { static uint8_t PacketCount = 0; // счетчик пакетов uint8_t const channel = (PacketCount < (MAXPACKETS >> 1)) ? (0) : (1); signal[channel] = ReadAdcDataReg(channel); //(Work need) FillBuffer(channel); if (++PacketCount == MAXPACKETS) { PacketCount = 0; SendPacketByRs(); } } /* ****************************************************************** */ /* ****************************************************************** */ /* ************* Моделирование работы МК и ПК обработка ************* */ /* ****************************************************************** */ /* ****************************************************************** */ /* Arduino implemetation */ long map(long x, long in_min, long in_max, long out_min, long out_max) { return (x - in_min) * (out_max - out_min) / (in_max - in_min) + out_min; } int main(void) { /* Эмуляция работы МК */ for (int i = 0; i < 128; ++i) { INT1_vect_interrupt(); } /* Возможная обработка на стороне ПК */ for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) { auto finalResult = map(recv[i].adc, 0, MaxByResolution(24), -2000, 2000); auto mask = recv[i].mask; std::cout << std::dec << finalResult << std::endl; std::cout << std::hex << mask << std::endl; std::cout << std::endl; } return 0; }
Become a Patron
Sponsor on GitHub
Donate via PayPal
Source on GitHub
Mailing list
Installed libraries
Wiki
Report an issue
How it works
Contact the author
CE on Mastodon
About the author
Statistics
Changelog
Version tree