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c++ source #1
Output
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Intel asm syntax
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Filters
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Debug intrinsics
Compiler
6502-c++ 11.1.0
ARM GCC 10.2.0
ARM GCC 10.3.0
ARM GCC 10.4.0
ARM GCC 10.5.0
ARM GCC 11.1.0
ARM GCC 11.2.0
ARM GCC 11.3.0
ARM GCC 11.4.0
ARM GCC 12.1.0
ARM GCC 12.2.0
ARM GCC 12.3.0
ARM GCC 13.1.0
ARM GCC 13.2.0
ARM GCC 13.2.0 (unknown-eabi)
ARM GCC 4.5.4
ARM GCC 4.6.4
ARM GCC 5.4
ARM GCC 6.3.0
ARM GCC 6.4.0
ARM GCC 7.3.0
ARM GCC 7.5.0
ARM GCC 8.2.0
ARM GCC 8.5.0
ARM GCC 9.3.0
ARM GCC 9.4.0
ARM GCC 9.5.0
ARM GCC trunk
ARM gcc 10.2.1 (none)
ARM gcc 10.3.1 (2021.07 none)
ARM gcc 10.3.1 (2021.10 none)
ARM gcc 11.2.1 (none)
ARM gcc 5.4.1 (none)
ARM gcc 7.2.1 (none)
ARM gcc 8.2 (WinCE)
ARM gcc 8.3.1 (none)
ARM gcc 9.2.1 (none)
ARM msvc v19.0 (WINE)
ARM msvc v19.10 (WINE)
ARM msvc v19.14 (WINE)
ARM64 Morello gcc 10.1 Alpha 2
ARM64 gcc 10.2
ARM64 gcc 10.3
ARM64 gcc 10.4
ARM64 gcc 10.5.0
ARM64 gcc 11.1
ARM64 gcc 11.2
ARM64 gcc 11.3
ARM64 gcc 11.4.0
ARM64 gcc 12.1
ARM64 gcc 12.2.0
ARM64 gcc 12.3.0
ARM64 gcc 13.1.0
ARM64 gcc 13.2.0
ARM64 gcc 5.4
ARM64 gcc 6.3
ARM64 gcc 6.4
ARM64 gcc 7.3
ARM64 gcc 7.5
ARM64 gcc 8.2
ARM64 gcc 8.5
ARM64 gcc 9.3
ARM64 gcc 9.4
ARM64 gcc 9.5
ARM64 gcc trunk
ARM64 msvc v19.14 (WINE)
AVR gcc 10.3.0
AVR gcc 11.1.0
AVR gcc 12.1.0
AVR gcc 12.2.0
AVR gcc 12.3.0
AVR gcc 13.1.0
AVR gcc 13.2.0
AVR gcc 4.5.4
AVR gcc 4.6.4
AVR gcc 5.4.0
AVR gcc 9.2.0
AVR gcc 9.3.0
Arduino Mega (1.8.9)
Arduino Uno (1.8.9)
BPF clang (trunk)
BPF clang 13.0.0
BPF clang 14.0.0
BPF clang 15.0.0
BPF clang 16.0.0
BPF clang 17.0.1
BPF clang 18.1.0
BPF gcc 13.1.0
BPF gcc 13.2.0
BPF gcc trunk
EDG (experimental reflection)
EDG 6.5
EDG 6.5 (GNU mode gcc 13)
EDG 6.6
EDG 6.6 (GNU mode gcc 13)
FRC 2019
FRC 2020
FRC 2023
KVX ACB 4.1.0 (GCC 7.5.0)
KVX ACB 4.1.0-cd1 (GCC 7.5.0)
KVX ACB 4.10.0 (GCC 10.3.1)
KVX ACB 4.11.1 (GCC 10.3.1)
KVX ACB 4.12.0 (GCC 11.3.0)
KVX ACB 4.2.0 (GCC 7.5.0)
KVX ACB 4.3.0 (GCC 7.5.0)
KVX ACB 4.4.0 (GCC 7.5.0)
KVX ACB 4.6.0 (GCC 9.4.1)
KVX ACB 4.8.0 (GCC 9.4.1)
KVX ACB 4.9.0 (GCC 9.4.1)
M68K gcc 13.1.0
M68K gcc 13.2.0
M68k clang (trunk)
MRISC32 gcc (trunk)
MSP430 gcc 4.5.3
MSP430 gcc 5.3.0
MSP430 gcc 6.2.1
MinGW clang 14.0.3
MinGW clang 14.0.6
MinGW clang 15.0.7
MinGW clang 16.0.0
MinGW clang 16.0.2
MinGW gcc 11.3.0
MinGW gcc 12.1.0
MinGW gcc 12.2.0
MinGW gcc 13.1.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc (trunk)
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 10.2.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 10.3.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 11.2.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 11.3.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 11.4.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 12.1.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 12.2.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 12.3.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 13.1.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 13.2.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 8.2.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 8.5.0
RISC-V (32-bits) gcc 9.4.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc (trunk)
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 10.2.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 10.3.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 11.2.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 11.3.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 11.4.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 12.1.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 12.2.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 12.3.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 13.1.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 13.2.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 8.2.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 8.5.0
RISC-V (64-bits) gcc 9.4.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang (trunk)
RISC-V rv32gc clang 10.0.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 10.0.1
RISC-V rv32gc clang 11.0.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 11.0.1
RISC-V rv32gc clang 12.0.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 12.0.1
RISC-V rv32gc clang 13.0.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 13.0.1
RISC-V rv32gc clang 14.0.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 15.0.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 16.0.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 17.0.1
RISC-V rv32gc clang 18.1.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 9.0.0
RISC-V rv32gc clang 9.0.1
RISC-V rv64gc clang (trunk)
RISC-V rv64gc clang 10.0.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 10.0.1
RISC-V rv64gc clang 11.0.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 11.0.1
RISC-V rv64gc clang 12.0.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 12.0.1
RISC-V rv64gc clang 13.0.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 13.0.1
RISC-V rv64gc clang 14.0.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 15.0.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 16.0.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 17.0.1
RISC-V rv64gc clang 18.1.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 9.0.0
RISC-V rv64gc clang 9.0.1
Raspbian Buster
Raspbian Stretch
SPARC LEON gcc 12.2.0
SPARC LEON gcc 12.3.0
SPARC LEON gcc 13.1.0
SPARC LEON gcc 13.2.0
SPARC gcc 12.2.0
SPARC gcc 12.3.0
SPARC gcc 13.1.0
SPARC gcc 13.2.0
SPARC64 gcc 12.2.0
SPARC64 gcc 12.3.0
SPARC64 gcc 13.1.0
SPARC64 gcc 13.2.0
TI C6x gcc 12.2.0
TI C6x gcc 12.3.0
TI C6x gcc 13.1.0
TI C6x gcc 13.2.0
TI CL430 21.6.1
VAX gcc NetBSDELF 10.4.0
VAX gcc NetBSDELF 10.5.0 (Nov 15 03:50:22 2023)
WebAssembly clang (trunk)
Xtensa ESP32 gcc 11.2.0 (2022r1)
Xtensa ESP32 gcc 12.2.0 (20230208)
Xtensa ESP32 gcc 8.2.0 (2019r2)
Xtensa ESP32 gcc 8.2.0 (2020r1)
Xtensa ESP32 gcc 8.2.0 (2020r2)
Xtensa ESP32 gcc 8.4.0 (2020r3)
Xtensa ESP32 gcc 8.4.0 (2021r1)
Xtensa ESP32 gcc 8.4.0 (2021r2)
Xtensa ESP32-S2 gcc 11.2.0 (2022r1)
Xtensa ESP32-S2 gcc 12.2.0 (20230208)
Xtensa ESP32-S2 gcc 8.2.0 (2019r2)
Xtensa ESP32-S2 gcc 8.2.0 (2020r1)
Xtensa ESP32-S2 gcc 8.2.0 (2020r2)
Xtensa ESP32-S2 gcc 8.4.0 (2020r3)
Xtensa ESP32-S2 gcc 8.4.0 (2021r1)
Xtensa ESP32-S2 gcc 8.4.0 (2021r2)
Xtensa ESP32-S3 gcc 11.2.0 (2022r1)
Xtensa ESP32-S3 gcc 12.2.0 (20230208)
Xtensa ESP32-S3 gcc 8.4.0 (2020r3)
Xtensa ESP32-S3 gcc 8.4.0 (2021r1)
Xtensa ESP32-S3 gcc 8.4.0 (2021r2)
arm64 msvc v19.28 VS16.9
arm64 msvc v19.29 VS16.10
arm64 msvc v19.29 VS16.11
arm64 msvc v19.30
arm64 msvc v19.31
arm64 msvc v19.32
arm64 msvc v19.33
arm64 msvc v19.34
arm64 msvc v19.35
arm64 msvc v19.36
arm64 msvc v19.37
arm64 msvc v19.38
arm64 msvc v19.latest
armv7-a clang (trunk)
armv7-a clang 10.0.0
armv7-a clang 10.0.1
armv7-a clang 11.0.0
armv7-a clang 11.0.1
armv7-a clang 9.0.0
armv7-a clang 9.0.1
armv8-a clang (all architectural features, trunk)
armv8-a clang (trunk)
armv8-a clang 10.0.0
armv8-a clang 10.0.1
armv8-a clang 11.0.0
armv8-a clang 11.0.1
armv8-a clang 12.0.0
armv8-a clang 13.0.0
armv8-a clang 14.0.0
armv8-a clang 15.0.0
armv8-a clang 16.0.0
armv8-a clang 17.0.1
armv8-a clang 18.1.0
armv8-a clang 9.0.0
armv8-a clang 9.0.1
ellcc 0.1.33
ellcc 0.1.34
ellcc 2017-07-16
hexagon-clang 16.0.5
llvm-mos atari2600-3e
llvm-mos atari2600-4k
llvm-mos atari2600-common
llvm-mos atari5200-supercart
llvm-mos atari8-cart-megacart
llvm-mos atari8-cart-std
llvm-mos atari8-cart-xegs
llvm-mos atari8-common
llvm-mos atari8-dos
llvm-mos c128
llvm-mos c64
llvm-mos commodore
llvm-mos cpm65
llvm-mos cx16
llvm-mos dodo
llvm-mos eater
llvm-mos mega65
llvm-mos nes
llvm-mos nes-action53
llvm-mos nes-cnrom
llvm-mos nes-gtrom
llvm-mos nes-mmc1
llvm-mos nes-mmc3
llvm-mos nes-nrom
llvm-mos nes-unrom
llvm-mos nes-unrom-512
llvm-mos osi-c1p
llvm-mos pce
llvm-mos pce-cd
llvm-mos pce-common
llvm-mos pet
llvm-mos rp6502
llvm-mos rpc8e
llvm-mos supervision
llvm-mos vic20
loongarch64 gcc 12.2.0
loongarch64 gcc 12.3.0
loongarch64 gcc 13.1.0
loongarch64 gcc 13.2.0
mips clang 13.0.0
mips clang 14.0.0
mips clang 15.0.0
mips clang 16.0.0
mips clang 17.0.1
mips clang 18.1.0
mips gcc 11.2.0
mips gcc 12.1.0
mips gcc 12.2.0
mips gcc 12.3.0
mips gcc 13.1.0
mips gcc 13.2.0
mips gcc 4.9.4
mips gcc 5.4
mips gcc 5.5.0
mips gcc 9.3.0 (codescape)
mips gcc 9.5.0
mips64 (el) gcc 12.1.0
mips64 (el) gcc 12.2.0
mips64 (el) gcc 12.3.0
mips64 (el) gcc 13.1.0
mips64 (el) gcc 13.2.0
mips64 (el) gcc 4.9.4
mips64 (el) gcc 5.4.0
mips64 (el) gcc 5.5.0
mips64 (el) gcc 9.5.0
mips64 clang 13.0.0
mips64 clang 14.0.0
mips64 clang 15.0.0
mips64 clang 16.0.0
mips64 clang 17.0.1
mips64 clang 18.1.0
mips64 gcc 11.2.0
mips64 gcc 12.1.0
mips64 gcc 12.2.0
mips64 gcc 12.3.0
mips64 gcc 13.1.0
mips64 gcc 13.2.0
mips64 gcc 4.9.4
mips64 gcc 5.4.0
mips64 gcc 5.5.0
mips64 gcc 9.5.0
mips64el clang 13.0.0
mips64el clang 14.0.0
mips64el clang 15.0.0
mips64el clang 16.0.0
mips64el clang 17.0.1
mips64el clang 18.1.0
mipsel clang 13.0.0
mipsel clang 14.0.0
mipsel clang 15.0.0
mipsel clang 16.0.0
mipsel clang 17.0.1
mipsel clang 18.1.0
mipsel gcc 12.1.0
mipsel gcc 12.2.0
mipsel gcc 12.3.0
mipsel gcc 13.1.0
mipsel gcc 13.2.0
mipsel gcc 4.9.4
mipsel gcc 5.4.0
mipsel gcc 5.5.0
mipsel gcc 9.5.0
nanoMIPS gcc 6.3.0 (mtk)
power gcc 11.2.0
power gcc 12.1.0
power gcc 12.2.0
power gcc 12.3.0
power gcc 13.1.0
power gcc 13.2.0
power gcc 4.8.5
power64 AT12.0 (gcc8)
power64 AT13.0 (gcc9)
power64 gcc 11.2.0
power64 gcc 12.1.0
power64 gcc 12.2.0
power64 gcc 12.3.0
power64 gcc 13.1.0
power64 gcc 13.2.0
power64 gcc trunk
power64le AT12.0 (gcc8)
power64le AT13.0 (gcc9)
power64le clang (trunk)
power64le gcc 11.2.0
power64le gcc 12.1.0
power64le gcc 12.2.0
power64le gcc 12.3.0
power64le gcc 13.1.0
power64le gcc 13.2.0
power64le gcc 6.3.0
power64le gcc trunk
powerpc64 clang (trunk)
s390x gcc 11.2.0
s390x gcc 12.1.0
s390x gcc 12.2.0
s390x gcc 12.3.0
s390x gcc 13.1.0
s390x gcc 13.2.0
sh gcc 12.2.0
sh gcc 12.3.0
sh gcc 13.1.0
sh gcc 13.2.0
sh gcc 4.9.4
sh gcc 9.5.0
vast (trunk)
x64 msvc v19.0 (WINE)
x64 msvc v19.10 (WINE)
x64 msvc v19.14
x64 msvc v19.14 (WINE)
x64 msvc v19.15
x64 msvc v19.16
x64 msvc v19.20
x64 msvc v19.21
x64 msvc v19.22
x64 msvc v19.23
x64 msvc v19.24
x64 msvc v19.25
x64 msvc v19.26
x64 msvc v19.27
x64 msvc v19.28
x64 msvc v19.28 VS16.9
x64 msvc v19.29 VS16.10
x64 msvc v19.29 VS16.11
x64 msvc v19.30
x64 msvc v19.31
x64 msvc v19.32
x64 msvc v19.33
x64 msvc v19.34
x64 msvc v19.35
x64 msvc v19.36
x64 msvc v19.37
x64 msvc v19.38
x64 msvc v19.latest
x86 djgpp 4.9.4
x86 djgpp 5.5.0
x86 djgpp 6.4.0
x86 djgpp 7.2.0
x86 msvc v19.0 (WINE)
x86 msvc v19.10 (WINE)
x86 msvc v19.14
x86 msvc v19.14 (WINE)
x86 msvc v19.15
x86 msvc v19.16
x86 msvc v19.20
x86 msvc v19.21
x86 msvc v19.22
x86 msvc v19.23
x86 msvc v19.24
x86 msvc v19.25
x86 msvc v19.26
x86 msvc v19.27
x86 msvc v19.28
x86 msvc v19.28 VS16.9
x86 msvc v19.29 VS16.10
x86 msvc v19.29 VS16.11
x86 msvc v19.30
x86 msvc v19.31
x86 msvc v19.32
x86 msvc v19.33
x86 msvc v19.34
x86 msvc v19.35
x86 msvc v19.36
x86 msvc v19.37
x86 msvc v19.38
x86 msvc v19.latest
x86 nvc++ 22.11
x86 nvc++ 22.7
x86 nvc++ 22.9
x86 nvc++ 23.1
x86 nvc++ 23.11
x86 nvc++ 23.3
x86 nvc++ 23.5
x86 nvc++ 23.7
x86 nvc++ 23.9
x86 nvc++ 24.1
x86 nvc++ 24.3
x86-64 Zapcc 190308
x86-64 clang (amd-stg-open)
x86-64 clang (assertions trunk)
x86-64 clang (clangir)
x86-64 clang (experimental -Wlifetime)
x86-64 clang (experimental P1061)
x86-64 clang (experimental P1144)
x86-64 clang (experimental P1221)
x86-64 clang (experimental P2996)
x86-64 clang (experimental metaprogramming - P2632)
x86-64 clang (experimental pattern matching)
x86-64 clang (old concepts branch)
x86-64 clang (reflection)
x86-64 clang (resugar)
x86-64 clang (thephd.dev)
x86-64 clang (trunk)
x86-64 clang (variadic friends - P2893)
x86-64 clang (widberg)
x86-64 clang 10.0.0
x86-64 clang 10.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 10.0.1
x86-64 clang 11.0.0
x86-64 clang 11.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 11.0.1
x86-64 clang 12.0.0
x86-64 clang 12.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 12.0.1
x86-64 clang 13.0.0
x86-64 clang 13.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 13.0.1
x86-64 clang 14.0.0
x86-64 clang 14.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 15.0.0
x86-64 clang 15.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 16.0.0
x86-64 clang 16.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 17.0.1
x86-64 clang 17.0.1 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 18.1.0
x86-64 clang 18.1.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 2.6.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 2.7.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 2.8.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 2.9.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 3.0.0
x86-64 clang 3.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 3.1
x86-64 clang 3.1 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 3.2
x86-64 clang 3.2 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 3.3
x86-64 clang 3.3 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 3.4 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 3.4.1
x86-64 clang 3.5
x86-64 clang 3.5 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 3.5.1
x86-64 clang 3.5.2
x86-64 clang 3.6
x86-64 clang 3.6 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 3.7
x86-64 clang 3.7 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 3.7.1
x86-64 clang 3.8
x86-64 clang 3.8 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 3.8.1
x86-64 clang 3.9.0
x86-64 clang 3.9.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 3.9.1
x86-64 clang 4.0.0
x86-64 clang 4.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 4.0.1
x86-64 clang 5.0.0
x86-64 clang 5.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 5.0.1
x86-64 clang 5.0.2
x86-64 clang 6.0.0
x86-64 clang 6.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 6.0.1
x86-64 clang 7.0.0
x86-64 clang 7.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 7.0.1
x86-64 clang 7.1.0
x86-64 clang 8.0.0
x86-64 clang 8.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 8.0.1
x86-64 clang 9.0.0
x86-64 clang 9.0.0 (assertions)
x86-64 clang 9.0.1
x86-64 clang rocm-4.5.2
x86-64 clang rocm-5.0.2
x86-64 clang rocm-5.1.3
x86-64 clang rocm-5.2.3
x86-64 clang rocm-5.3.3
x86-64 clang rocm-5.7.0
x86-64 gcc (contract labels)
x86-64 gcc (contracts natural syntax)
x86-64 gcc (contracts)
x86-64 gcc (coroutines)
x86-64 gcc (modules)
x86-64 gcc (trunk)
x86-64 gcc 10.1
x86-64 gcc 10.2
x86-64 gcc 10.3
x86-64 gcc 10.4
x86-64 gcc 10.5
x86-64 gcc 11.1
x86-64 gcc 11.2
x86-64 gcc 11.3
x86-64 gcc 11.4
x86-64 gcc 12.1
x86-64 gcc 12.2
x86-64 gcc 12.3
x86-64 gcc 13.1
x86-64 gcc 13.2
x86-64 gcc 4.1.2
x86-64 gcc 4.4.7
x86-64 gcc 4.5.3
x86-64 gcc 4.6.4
x86-64 gcc 4.7.1
x86-64 gcc 4.7.2
x86-64 gcc 4.7.3
x86-64 gcc 4.7.4
x86-64 gcc 4.8.1
x86-64 gcc 4.8.2
x86-64 gcc 4.8.3
x86-64 gcc 4.8.4
x86-64 gcc 4.8.5
x86-64 gcc 4.9.0
x86-64 gcc 4.9.1
x86-64 gcc 4.9.2
x86-64 gcc 4.9.3
x86-64 gcc 4.9.4
x86-64 gcc 5.1
x86-64 gcc 5.2
x86-64 gcc 5.3
x86-64 gcc 5.4
x86-64 gcc 5.5
x86-64 gcc 6.1
x86-64 gcc 6.2
x86-64 gcc 6.3
x86-64 gcc 6.4
x86-64 gcc 7.1
x86-64 gcc 7.2
x86-64 gcc 7.3
x86-64 gcc 7.4
x86-64 gcc 7.5
x86-64 gcc 8.1
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zig c++ 0.10.0
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Source code
#include <type_traits> #include <memory> #include <cassert> #include <cstdio> // Some missing concepts namespace std { template<typename T, typename... Args> concept constructible_from = __is_constructible(T, Args...); template<typename T, typename U> concept convertible_to = std::is_convertible_v<T, U>; template<typename T, typename U> concept __same_impl = std::is_same_v<T, U>; template<typename T, typename U> concept same_as = __same_impl<T,U> && __same_impl<U,T>; template<typename F, typename... Args> concept invocable = std::is_invocable_v<F, Args...>; } namespace std { namespace __tag_invoke_fn_ns { void tag_invoke() = delete; struct __tag_invoke_fn { template<typename _Tag, typename... _Args> requires requires (_Tag __tag, _Args&&... __args) { tag_invoke((_Tag&&)__tag, (_Args&&)__args...); } constexpr auto operator()(_Tag __tag, _Args&&... __args) const noexcept(noexcept(tag_invoke((_Tag&&)__tag, (_Args&&)__args...))) -> decltype(tag_invoke((_Tag&&)__tag, (_Args&&)__args...)) { return tag_invoke((_Tag&&)__tag, (_Args&&)__args...); } }; } inline namespace __tag_invoke_ns { inline constexpr __tag_invoke_fn_ns::__tag_invoke_fn tag_invoke = {}; } template<typename _Tag, typename... _Args> concept tag_invocable = requires(_Tag tag, _Args... args) { std::tag_invoke((_Tag&&)tag, (_Args&&)args...); }; template<typename _Tag, typename... _Args> concept nothrow_tag_invocable = tag_invocable<_Tag, _Args...> && requires(_Tag tag, _Args... args) { { std::tag_invoke((_Tag&&)tag, (_Args&&)args...) } noexcept; }; template<typename _Tag, typename... _Args> using tag_invoke_result = invoke_result<decltype(std::tag_invoke), _Tag, _Args...>; template<typename _Tag, typename... _Args> using tag_invoke_result_t = invoke_result_t<decltype(std::tag_invoke), _Tag, _Args...>; template<auto& _Tag> using tag_t = decay_t<decltype(_Tag)>; } /////////////////////////////////////////// // Type-erasing Adapter struct this_ {}; template <typename ArgType> struct replace_this { template <typename Arg, typename T> using apply = Arg; template <typename Arg, typename T> static Arg&& get(Arg&& arg, T&) { return (Arg &&) arg; } }; template <> struct replace_this<this_> { template <typename Arg, typename T> using apply = T; template <typename Arg, typename T> static T&& get(Arg&&, T& obj) { return (T &&) obj; } }; template <> struct replace_this<this_&> { template <typename Arg, typename T> using apply = T&; template <typename Arg, typename T> static T& get(Arg&, T& obj) noexcept { return obj; } }; template <> struct replace_this<this_&&> { template <typename Arg, typename T> using apply = T&&; template <typename Arg, typename T> static T&& get(Arg&&, T& obj) noexcept { return (T &&) obj; } }; template <> struct replace_this<const this_&> { template <typename Arg, typename T> using apply = const T&; template <typename Arg, typename T> static const T& get(const Arg&, T& obj) noexcept { return obj; } }; template <> struct replace_this<const this_&&> { template <typename Arg, typename T> using type = const T&&; template <typename Arg, typename T> const T&& operator()(const Arg&&, T& obj) const { return (const T&&)obj; } }; template <typename Arg, typename T> using replace_this_t = typename replace_this<Arg>::template apply<Arg, T>; template <typename Arg> using replace_this_with_void_ptr_t = std::conditional_t<std::same_as<std::remove_cvref_t<Arg>, this_>, void*, Arg>; template <typename... ArgTypes> struct extract_this; template <typename FirstType, typename... RestTypes> struct extract_this<FirstType, RestTypes...> { template <typename TFirst, typename... TRest> decltype(auto) operator()(TFirst&& first, TRest&&... rest) const { if constexpr (std::same_as<std::remove_cvref_t<FirstType>, this_>) { return first; } else { static_assert(sizeof...(TRest) > 0, "Arguments to extract_this"); return extract_this<RestTypes...>{}((TRest &&) rest...); } } }; namespace detail { template <typename CPO, typename Sig> struct overloaded_cpo : CPO { constexpr overloaded_cpo() = default; constexpr overloaded_cpo(CPO) noexcept {} using type_erased_signature_t = Sig; }; template <typename CPO> struct base_cpo { using type = CPO; }; template <typename CPO, typename Sig> struct base_cpo<overloaded_cpo<CPO, Sig>> { using type = CPO; }; template <typename CPO> using base_cpo_t = typename base_cpo<CPO>::type; template <typename CPO, typename Sig> inline constexpr overloaded_cpo<CPO, Sig> overload_{}; } // namespace detail template <typename Sig, typename CPO> constexpr auto& overload(CPO) { return detail::overload_<CPO, Sig>; } namespace detail { template <typename CPO, typename Sig = typename CPO::type_erased_signature_t> struct vtable_entry; template <typename CPO, typename Ret, typename... Args, bool NoExcept> struct vtable_entry<CPO, Ret(Args...) noexcept(NoExcept)> { using fn_t = Ret(detail::base_cpo_t<CPO>, replace_this_with_void_ptr_t<Args>...) noexcept(NoExcept); constexpr fn_t* get() const noexcept { return fn_; } template <typename T> static constexpr vtable_entry create() noexcept { // auto& f = vtable_entry::concrete_impl<T>; // constexpr fn_t* f = &vtable_entry::concrete_impl<T>; // return vtable_entry{&f}; return vtable_entry{[]( detail::base_cpo_t<CPO> cpo, replace_this_with_void_ptr_t<Args>... args) noexcept(NoExcept) -> Ret { void* thisPointer = extract_this<Args...>{}(args...); T& obj = *static_cast<T*>(thisPointer); return std::move(cpo)( replace_this<Args>::get((Args &&) args, obj)...); }}; } private: explicit constexpr vtable_entry(fn_t* fn) noexcept : fn_(fn) {} fn_t* fn_; }; template <typename... CPOs> struct vtable : private vtable_entry<CPOs>... { template <typename T> static constexpr vtable create() noexcept { return vtable{vtable_entry<CPOs>::template create<T>()...}; } template <typename CPO> constexpr auto get() const noexcept -> typename vtable_entry<CPO>::fn_t* { const vtable_entry<CPO>& entry = *this; return entry.get(); } private: explicit constexpr vtable(vtable_entry<CPOs>... entries) noexcept : vtable_entry<CPOs>{entries}... {} }; template <typename... CPOs> struct indirect_vtable_holder { template <typename T> static indirect_vtable_holder create() { static constexpr vtable<CPOs...> v = vtable<CPOs...>::template create<T>(); return indirect_vtable_holder{v}; } const vtable<CPOs...>& operator*() const noexcept { return vtable_; } const vtable<CPOs...>* operator->() const noexcept { return std::addressof(vtable_); } private: constexpr indirect_vtable_holder(const vtable<CPOs...>& vtable) : vtable_(vtable) {} const vtable<CPOs...>& vtable_; }; template <typename... CPOs> struct inline_vtable_holder { template <typename T> static constexpr inline_vtable_holder create() { return inline_vtable_holder{vtable<CPOs...>::template create<T>()}; } const vtable<CPOs...>& operator*() const noexcept { return vtable_; } const vtable<CPOs...>* operator->() const noexcept { return std::addressof(vtable_); } private: constexpr inline_vtable_holder(const vtable<CPOs...>& vtable) : vtable_(vtable) {} vtable<CPOs...> vtable_; }; template <typename... CPOs> using vtable_holder = std::conditional_t< (sizeof...(CPOs) <= 2), inline_vtable_holder<CPOs...>, indirect_vtable_holder<CPOs...>>; template < typename Derived, typename CPO, typename Sig = typename CPO::type_erased_signature_t> struct with_type_erased_tag_invoke; template < typename Derived, typename CPO, typename Ret, typename... Args, bool NoExcept> struct with_type_erased_tag_invoke< Derived, CPO, Ret(Args...) noexcept(NoExcept)> { friend Ret tag_invoke( base_cpo_t<CPO> cpo, replace_this_t<Args, Derived>... args) noexcept(NoExcept) { auto& t = extract_this<Args...>{}(args...); void* objPtr = t.get_object_address(); auto* fnPtr = t.get_vtable()->template get<CPO>(); return fnPtr( std::move(cpo), replace_this<Args>::get((Args &&) args, objPtr)...); } }; template < typename Derived, typename CPO, typename Sig = typename CPO::type_erased_signature_t> struct with_forwarding_tag_invoke; template < typename Derived, typename CPO, typename Ret, typename... Args, bool NoExcept> struct with_forwarding_tag_invoke< Derived, CPO, Ret(Args...) noexcept(NoExcept)> { friend Ret tag_invoke( detail::base_cpo_t<CPO> cpo, replace_this_t<Args, Derived>... args) noexcept(NoExcept) { auto& wrapper = extract_this<Args...>{}(args...); auto& wrapped = wrapper.value; return std::move(cpo)(replace_this<Args>::get((Args &&) args, wrapped)...); } }; inline constexpr struct deallocate_cpo { using type_erased_signature_t = void(this_&&) noexcept; template <typename T> requires std::tag_invocable<deallocate_cpo, T> void operator()(T&& obj) const noexcept { tag_invoke(deallocate_cpo{}, (T &&) obj); } } deallocate; template<template<typename...> class T, typename U> constexpr bool is_instance_of_v = false; template<template<typename...> class T, typename... Ts> constexpr bool is_instance_of_v<T, T<Ts...>> = true; template<typename T, typename CPO, typename Sig = typename CPO::type_erased_signature_t> struct is_cpo_invocable : std::false_type {}; template< typename T, typename CPO, typename Ret, typename... Args, bool NoExcept> requires std::invocable<CPO, replace_this_t<Args, T>...> && std::convertible_to<std::invoke_result_t<CPO, replace_this_t<Args, T>...>, Ret> struct is_cpo_invocable<T, CPO, Ret(Args...) noexcept(NoExcept)> : std::true_type {}; template<typename T, typename... RequiredCPOs> concept is_type_erasable = (is_cpo_invocable<T, RequiredCPOs>::value && ...); } // namespace detail template <typename... CPOs> class any_unique : private detail:: with_type_erased_tag_invoke<any_unique<CPOs...>, CPOs>... { public: template <typename Concrete, typename Allocator, typename... Args> requires std::constructible_from<Concrete, Args...> && detail::is_type_erasable<Concrete, CPOs...> explicit any_unique( std::allocator_arg_t, Allocator alloc, std::in_place_type_t<Concrete>, Args&&... args) : vtable_(vtable_holder_t::template create< concrete_impl<Concrete, Allocator>>()) { using concrete_type = concrete_impl<Concrete, Allocator>; using allocator_type = typename concrete_type::allocator_type; using allocator_traits = std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>; allocator_type typedAllocator{std::move(alloc)}; auto ptr = allocator_traits::allocate(typedAllocator, 1); try { // TODO: Ideally we'd use allocator_traits::construct() here but // that makes it difficult to provide consistent behaviour across // std::allocator and std::pmr::polymorphic_allocator as the latter // automatically injects the extra allocator_arg/alloc params which // ends up duplicating them. But std::allocator doesn't do the same // injection of the parameters. ::new ((void*)ptr) concrete_type{std::allocator_arg, typedAllocator, (Args &&) args...}; } catch (...) { allocator_traits::deallocate(typedAllocator, ptr, 1); throw; } impl_ = static_cast<void*>(ptr); } template <typename Concrete, typename Allocator> requires std::constructible_from<std::remove_cvref_t<Concrete>, Concrete> && (!std::same_as<std::allocator_arg_t, std::decay_t<Concrete>> && !detail::is_instance_of_v<std::in_place_type_t, std::decay_t<Concrete>>) && detail::is_type_erasable<Concrete, CPOs...> any_unique(Concrete&& concrete, Allocator alloc) : any_unique( std::allocator_arg, std::move(alloc), std::in_place_type<std::remove_cvref_t<Concrete>>, (Concrete &&) concrete) {} template <typename Concrete, typename... Args> requires std::constructible_from<Concrete, Args...> && detail::is_type_erasable<Concrete, CPOs...> explicit any_unique(std::in_place_type_t<Concrete> tag, Args&&... args) : any_unique( std::allocator_arg, std::allocator<unsigned char>{}, tag, (Args &&) args...) {} template <typename Concrete> requires (!detail::is_instance_of_v<std::in_place_type_t, Concrete>) && (!std::same_as<std::remove_cvref_t<Concrete>, any_unique>) && std::constructible_from<std::remove_cvref_t<Concrete>, Concrete> && detail::is_type_erasable<Concrete, CPOs...> any_unique(Concrete&& concrete) : any_unique( std::in_place_type<std::remove_cvref_t<Concrete>>, (Concrete &&) concrete) {} any_unique(any_unique&& other) noexcept : impl_(std::exchange(other.impl_, nullptr)), vtable_(other.vtable_) {} ~any_unique() { if (impl_ != nullptr) { auto* deallocateFn = vtable_->template get<detail::deallocate_cpo>(); deallocateFn(detail::deallocate_cpo{}, impl_); } } private: using vtable_holder_t = detail::vtable_holder<detail::deallocate_cpo, CPOs...>; template <typename Concrete, typename Allocator> struct concrete_impl final : private detail::with_forwarding_tag_invoke< concrete_impl<Concrete, Allocator>, CPOs>... { using allocator_type = typename std::allocator_traits< Allocator>::template rebind_alloc<concrete_impl>; template <typename... Args> explicit concrete_impl( std::allocator_arg_t, allocator_type alloc, Args&&... args) noexcept(std:: is_nothrow_move_constructible_v< allocator_type>&& std::is_nothrow_constructible_v< Concrete, Args...>) : value((Args &&) args...), alloc(std::move(alloc)) {} friend void tag_invoke( detail::deallocate_cpo, concrete_impl&& impl) noexcept { allocator_type allocCopy = std::move(impl.alloc); impl.~concrete_impl(); std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::deallocate( allocCopy, std::addressof(impl), 1); } Concrete value; allocator_type alloc; }; template <typename Derived, typename CPO, typename Sig> friend struct detail::with_type_erased_tag_invoke; const vtable_holder_t& get_vtable() const noexcept { return vtable_; } void* get_object_address() const noexcept { return impl_; } void* impl_; vtable_holder_t vtable_; }; template <auto&... CPOs> using any_unique_t = any_unique<std::tag_t<CPOs>...>; ////////////////////////////////////////// // Receiver CPOs inline constexpr struct set_value_fn { template<typename R, typename... Ts> requires std::tag_invocable<set_value_fn, R, Ts...> auto operator()(R&& r, Ts&&... ts) const noexcept(std::nothrow_tag_invocable<set_value_fn, R, Ts...>) -> std::tag_invoke_result_t<set_value_fn, R, Ts...> { return std::tag_invoke(*this, (R&&)r, (Ts&&)ts...); } } set_value; inline constexpr struct set_done_fn { template<typename R> requires std::tag_invocable<set_done_fn, R> auto operator()(R&& r) const noexcept(std::nothrow_tag_invocable<set_done_fn, R>) -> std::tag_invoke_result_t<set_done_fn, R> { return std::tag_invoke(*this, (R&&)r); } } set_done; inline constexpr struct set_error_fn { template<typename R, typename E> requires std::tag_invocable<set_error_fn, R, E> auto operator()(R&& r, E&& e) const noexcept(std::nothrow_tag_invocable<set_error_fn, R, E>) -> std::tag_invoke_result_t<set_error_fn, R, E> { return std::tag_invoke(*this, (R&&)r, (E&&)e); } } set_error; ///////////////////////////////// // Sender CPOs inline constexpr struct submit_fn { template<typename S, typename R> requires std::tag_invocable<submit_fn, S, R> void operator()(S&& s, R&& r) const noexcept(std::nothrow_tag_invocable<submit_fn, S, R>) { return std::tag_invoke(*this, (S&&)s, (R&&)r); } } submit; //////////////////////////////// // Scheduler CPOs inline constexpr struct schedule_fn { template<typename S> requires std::tag_invocable<schedule_fn, S> auto operator()(S&& s) const noexcept(std::nothrow_tag_invocable<schedule_fn, S>) -> std::tag_invoke_result_t<schedule_fn, S> { return std::tag_invoke(*this, (S&&)s); } } schedule; //////////////////////////////// // Concrete Types struct some_sender { int value; template<typename R> friend void tag_invoke(std::tag_t<submit>, const some_sender& s, R&& r) { set_value((R&&)r, s.value); } }; struct some_receiver { friend void tag_invoke(std::tag_t<set_value>, some_receiver&& r) { puts("set_value(void)"); } friend void tag_invoke(std::tag_t<set_value>, some_receiver&& r, int x) { puts("set_value(int)"); } friend void tag_invoke(std::tag_t<set_done>, some_receiver&& r) { puts("set_done"); } template<typename E> friend void tag_invoke(std::tag_t<set_error>, some_receiver&& r, E&& e) { puts("set_error"); } }; struct some_scheduler { struct schedule_sender { template<typename R> friend void tag_invoke(std::tag_t<submit>, schedule_sender, R&& r) { set_value((R&&)r); } }; friend schedule_sender tag_invoke(std::tag_t<schedule>, some_scheduler) { return {}; } }; /////////////////////////////////// // Type erasure examples template<typename T> struct set_value_signature { using type = void(this_&&, T); }; template<typename T> requires std::is_void_v<T> struct set_value_signature<T> { using type = void(this_&&); }; template<typename T, typename E = std::exception_ptr, auto&... OtherCPOs> using any_receiver = any_unique_t< overload<typename set_value_signature<T>::type>(set_value), overload<void(this_&&) noexcept>(set_done), overload<void(this_&&, E) noexcept>(set_error), OtherCPOs...>; template<typename Receiver, auto&... OtherCPOs> using any_sender = any_unique_t< overload<void(this_&&, Receiver)>(submit), OtherCPOs... >; template<auto&... OtherCPOs> using any_scheduler = any_unique_t< overload<any_sender<any_receiver<void>>(const this_&)>(schedule), OtherCPOs... >; static any_sender<any_receiver<int>> make_sender(int x) { return some_sender{x}; } static any_receiver<int> make_receiver() { return some_receiver{}; } static any_scheduler<> make_scheduler() { return any_scheduler<>{some_scheduler{}}; } int main() { // Non-type-erased submit(some_sender{1}, some_receiver{}); // Type-erased sender submit(make_sender(2), make_receiver()); // Type-erased scheduler submit( schedule(make_scheduler()), some_receiver{}); return 0; }
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